{"id":"court_ctb_4092_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4092,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25-[
] |\n| XIANG ZENG, | | :
:
: | February 13, 2025 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
:
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Xiang Zeng (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY Inc (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$148,000.00 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with an address at 43 Grant Street, Brighton East, VIC 3187, Australia.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GFNY is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. 3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect GFNY in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n### **E. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company GFNY, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of\n\nthe Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alterego shell company, GFNY.\n\n31. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n33. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$148,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|--------------------------------|----------|-----------------|\n| 1 | GFNY Inc | 5/9/2023 | \\$ (148,000.00) |\n| | Total - Payments to Xiang Zeng | | \\$ (148,000.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼原因\n（简要说明诉讼原因，包括所涉及的全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉讼原因为1，第一个备选诉讼原因为2，第二个备选诉讼原因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追偿金钱/财产\n□\n11-追偿金钱/财产 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-追偿金钱/财产 - §547 优惠性转让\n□\n13-追偿金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追偿金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续于下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，与破产案件无关时本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会设立受破产法院管辖的“破产财产”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围如此广泛，且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会发生涉及破产财产或其财产权利的诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中收集表格1040中的信息。）封面页填妥后，概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规则所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请完全按照起诉状中所示的方式填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由表格第二页方框内的登记律师签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，原告必须签署。\n美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n： 对抗程序编号 25-[\n]\nXIANG ZENG（曾翔）， ：\n：\n： February 13, 2025\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 ：\n：\nx\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549及550条寻求撤销及追回申请破产后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告Xiang Zeng（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他化名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（吉尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation（吉尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司GFNY Inc（“GFNY”），向被告作为初始受让人转让了金额为$148,000.00的资金。\n\n3. 因为该等申请破产后对破产财产的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，该等转让可根据《破产法典》第549及550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权及审判地\n\n4. 本院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所寻求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549及550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的裁定[案件编号22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号523]，担任第11章案件的第11章受托人。\n\n8. 被告为个人，地址为43 Grant Street, Brighton East, VIC 3187, Australia。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请，从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称其拥有$3,850资产，并产生数亿美元负债。2 尽管债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括GFNY）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，本院作出决定备忘录及裁定[主案件卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命第11章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，本院作出裁定，批准任命Luc A. Despins为第11章案件的受托人[主案件卷编号523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页[主案件卷编号78]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GFNY是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确立债务人的空壳公司是其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有，并且在若干案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中，就GFNY寻求相同或实质相似的救济。受托人援引并将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，案卷编号1）纳入本文。\n\n16. 该等诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以现金购买的资产，来自\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及(ix) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转移，以及（iii）债务人从该等资产中受益并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司操作及欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的全部财产，包括GFNY，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过包括但不限于GFNY在内的众多替身空壳公司实施转让。\n\n19. 该等申请破产后的转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，本院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的裁定理由书及命令》[主案卷宗编号2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中本院根据《破产程序规则》第9006(b)条，将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2024年8月15日（含当日）。\n\n21. 本院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单及财务状况陈述，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且以其他方式未与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》项下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令第14页。）\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，证据是本院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿郭梅（Mei Guo）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭。”（同上，第15页。）本院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵从本院命令的情况，是非同寻常的”（同上），并且面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查一直“远超合理勤勉的标准。”（同上，第17页）。自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280项对抗程序。（一般参见主案卷。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，本院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[主案卷编号3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查工作持续面临的障碍及受托人在进行该等调查时的勤勉。（第二次时效中止命令第2-3页。）\n\n24. 受托人在调查和追诉本起诉状中主张的请求方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n25. 鉴于受托人在开展勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常的阻碍等因素，衡平考量强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何时效期间实行衡平时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n26. 申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司GFNY，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（以下简称“该转让”），包括但不限于以下各项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n27. 在该转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告是该转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的转让）\n\n29. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至28段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n30. 该转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其替身空壳公司GFNY作出。\n\n31. 该转让发生于申请日后。\n\n32. 该转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权的转让。\n\n34. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该转让可予撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转让或其价值，并收取自该转让发生之日起至付款日止的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，作出命令：（a）宣告金额不低于$148,000.00的该转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；（b）命令撤销该转让；以及（c）根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 本院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：2025年2月13日 康涅狄格州纽黑文\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伯特、佩佩及蒙泰斯专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 GFNY Inc 5/9/2023 $ (148,000.00)\n\n支付给曾翔（Xiang Zeng）的款项合计 $ (148,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2966,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:31:23"}