{"id":"court_ctb_4093_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4093,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other
FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
:
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE, | | x
:
:
: | |\n| v. | Plaintiff, | :
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. _________ |\n| 17 STATE OWNER, LLC | Defendant. | :
:
:
:
: | February 13, 2025 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
:
x | |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant 17 State Owner, LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, Rule of Law Foundation III Inc. (\"Rule of Law\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$481,370.92 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a limited liability company with offices located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, United States 10011.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Rule of Law.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Rule of Law is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this relief with respect to Rule of Law in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311*.*\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Rule of Law, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Rule of Law.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n### **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company Rule of Law, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\n6\n\nSee **SCHEDULE** A attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company Rule of Law.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$481,370.92 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|----------------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------|-----------------|\n| 1 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/5/2024 | \\$(258,918.00) |\n| 2 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/6/2024 | \\$(43,153.00) |\n| 3 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 5/7/2024 | \\$(5,520.00) |\n| 4 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 6/5/2024 | \\$(43,185.66) |\n| 5 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 8/1/2024 | \\$(43,683.84) |\n| 6 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 8/6/2024 | \\$(43,455.21) |\n| 7 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 8/29/2024 | \\$(43,455.21) |\n| Total - Payments to 17 State Owner LLC | | | \\$ (481,370.92) |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉及的全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追偿金钱/财产\n□\n11-追偿金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追偿金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追偿金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追偿金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意造成的损害\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共有人的财产 - §363(h) □\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81-债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n91-确认之诉\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01-对被移送的请求或诉因作出裁定\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分院 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，该破产财产由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会产生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF 将表格1040中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。封面页大体不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份起诉状，均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确列明起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请列明律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由出庭律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n：\n： 案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人， x\n\n诉 原告， ：\n：\n： 对抗程序编号：_________\n17 STATE OWNER, LLC（17 State Owner有限责任公司） 被告。 ：\n：\n：\n：\n： 2025年2月13日\n\nx\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销及追收破产申请提交后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以获任命担任 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 遗产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 17 State Owner, LLC（“被告”）提出如下陈述：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追收：(a) 于本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 于本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“《破产法典》”）授权的财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc.（法治基金会III公司）（“Rule of Law”），在申请提交日（定义见下文）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计 $481,370.92 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产申请提交后对破产财产作出的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追收。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家有限责任公司，其办公地址位于 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, United States 10011。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请（“申请提交日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Rule of Law）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [Main Case Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A.\n\n2 资产与负债清单，第1页 [Main Case Docket No. 78]。\n\nDespins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准在第11章案件中任命 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人 [Main Case Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Rule of Law 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；且在若干该等对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中就 Rule of Law 寻求该等救济。受托人将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，Docket No. 1）通过援引并入本文。\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05311].\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属及/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购得的资产，及/或无偿转让给空壳实体或在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益并对其享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏和欺诈在破产申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 Rule of Law（法治），均成为第 11 章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 Rule of Law。\n\n19. 该等申请日后的转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024 年 2 月 15 日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录和命令》[主案案卷编号 2921]（“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据《破产程序规则》9006(b)，将受托人提起撤销诉讼的《破产法》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的期限延长至并包括 2024 年 8 月 15 日。\n\n21. 在时效中止命令中，法院认定，自申请日起，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的资产负债表及财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令第 14 页。）\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员及其他与其有关联的个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，正如法院作出的“至少八项裁定所证明，该等裁定认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭梅）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产和滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭。”（同上，第 15 页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第 11 章案件中不遵守本院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（同上），并认定，面对该等妨碍，受托人的调查“已属超过合理勤勉。”（同上，第 17 页。）自 2024 年 2 月以来，受托人已提起超过 280 宗对抗程序。（总体见主案案卷。）\n\n23. 2024 年 8 月 14 日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[主案案卷编号 3417]（“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将受托人提起撤销诉讼的《破产法》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的期限延长至 2025 年 2 月 15 日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人开展该调查时的勤勉程度（第二次时效中止命令第 2-3 页）。\n\n24. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状中主张的请求权时一直勤勉行事。\n\n25. 鉴于受托人在开展其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常的妨碍等因素，利益衡量强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求权的任何诉讼时效实行衡平时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n26. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 Rule of Law 或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件组成部分的附表 A。\n\n27. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请日后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 28 段所载的指控，犹如在本文中完整列明。\n\n30. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law 作出该等转让。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第 11 章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n34. 该等转让可根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条予以撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并获得截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$481,370.92 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产之利益，由被告向受托人返还该等转让，或由受托人选择返还其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 13, 2025\nNew Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：Douglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人的律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会 III 公司） 2/5/2024 \\$(258,918.00)\n2 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 2/6/2024 \\$(43,153.00)\n3 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 5/7/2024 \\$(5,520.00)\n4 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 6/5/2024 \\$(43,185.66)\n5 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 8/1/2024 \\$(43,683.84)\n6 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 8/6/2024 \\$(43,455.21)\n7 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 8/29/2024 \\$(43,455.21)\n合计－支付给 17 State Owner LLC \\$ (481,370.92)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3118,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:45:45"}