{"id":"court_ctb_4095_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4095,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
S.A. Leather | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544,
548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273 AND 276 | | | | |\n| | NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
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11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
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✔
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
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✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
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FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
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65-Dischargeability - other
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
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31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
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71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
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41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
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66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
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01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
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SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
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02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | if unrelated to bankruptcy case)
□ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | |\n| | | RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 13, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
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: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25- [ ] | |\n| S.A. LEATHER,
----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
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x | February 13, 2025 | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273 AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant S.A. Leather (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company G Fashion (CA) (\"G Fashion\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$26,096.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY Inc (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$187,531.00 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273 and 2762 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a California domestic stock corporation company with an address and place of business at 850 S. Robertson Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90035.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law.\"\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including G Fashion and GFNY.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. G Fashion and GFNY are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. 4\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al.\n\n17. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect G Fashion and GFNY in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n18. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n19. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.5\n\n20. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\n5 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order*, para. 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\")).\n\nby the Debtor6 , led by the Debtor7 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.8\n\n21. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chauffeurs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.9\n\n22. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n6 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, para. 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\")).\n\n7 *Id*. at para 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n8 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n9 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n23. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including G Fashion and GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n24. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.10 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.11\n\n25. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, *i.e.*, racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n26. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserted that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"12\n\n10 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n11 *See* n.3\n\n12 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's\n\n27. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including G Fashion and GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n28. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n29. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including G Fashion and GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n30. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n31. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n32. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alterego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n33. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\nSupplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n34. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor was convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n35. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **F. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n36. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n37. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n38. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n39. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n40. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n41. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **G. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n42. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter-ego shell companies including G Fashion, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n43. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, GFNY, or\n\notherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n44. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n45. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n46. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-45 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n47. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company G Fashion, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n48. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n49. The Prepetition Transfers that occurred on or after February 15, 2020 are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273 and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n50. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-45 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n51. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company G Fashion, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n52. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n53. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n54. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-45 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n55. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n56. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n57. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n58. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n59. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n60. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$26,096.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$26,096.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$187,531.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|----------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|\n| 1 | G Fashion | 3/30/2021 | \\$
(8,695.00) |\n| 2 | G Fashion | 4/13/2021 | (8,004.00) |\n| 3 | G Fashion | 5/12/2021 | (9,397.00) |\n| | Total - Payments to S.A. Leather | | \\$
(26,096.00) |\n\n# **EXHIBIT B**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|----------------------------------|-----------|--------------------|\n| 1 | GFNY Inc | 7/6/2022 | \\$
(2,679.00) |\n| 2 | GFNY Inc | 7/6/2022 | (76,772.00) |\n| 3 | GFNY Inc | 7/8/2022 | (105,361.00) |\n| 4 | GFNY Inc | 7/15/2022 | (2,719.00) |\n| | Total - Payments to S.A. Leather | | \\$
(187,531.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 被告\nS.A. Leather\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（请简要说明诉因，包括涉及的所有美国法条）\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273 和 276 条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请日后转让并请求相关救济的诉状\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉因起按顺序最多编号五（5）个方框，主要诉因为 1，第一项备选诉因为 2，第二项备选诉因为 3，以此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产交还\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n□\n✔\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n□\n✔\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先权或范围\n□\n65－可免责性－其他\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准财产出售\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加停止令\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后受偿\n□\n81－债权或权益的劣后受偿\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续于下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01－对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，原应在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n□ 如果本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选\n✔ 但与破产案件无关）\n□ 如果主张本案为 FRCP 23 项下的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如果诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 13, 2025 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将创设由破产法院管辖的“财产集合”，其由债务人的全部财产组成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就财产集合的财产或财产权发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中收集表格 1040 所载信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页在很大程度上不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按诉状中所载的原样填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏中勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏中勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）,\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n: 对抗程序编号 25- [ ]\nS.A. LEATHER，\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 :\n\nx February 13, 2025\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273 和 276 条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请日后转让并请求相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅用于通知和通信之目的）。\n\n针对被告 S.A. Leather（“被告”）的对抗性诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 于本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；及 (b) 于本第 11 章案件开始后对债务人第 11 章财产集合的财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一自我空壳公司 G Fashion (CA)（“G Fashion”），于申请日（定义如下）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让合计金额为 \\$26,096.00 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让属于实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施该等转让，且该等转让系意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\n4. 申请日后，债务人通过其另一自我空壳公司 GFNY Inc（“GFNY”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让金额为 \\$187,531.00 的资金。\n\n5. 由于该等对财产集合财产的申请日后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权及审判地\n\n6. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273 和 276 条2，或任何其他适用的州法同等规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n10. 被告是一家加利福尼亚州本土股份公司，地址及营业地点为 850 S. Robertson Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90035。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第 11 章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产并产生了数亿美元的\n\n2 此后，凡提及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》的法条，均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。\n\n负债。3 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一自我空壳公司（包括 G Fashion 和 GFNY）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. G Fashion 和 GFNY 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另一自我空壳公司中的两家。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n16. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另一自我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干该等对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n3 《资产和负债清单》，第 1 页[主案案卷编号 78]。\n\n4 除综合对抗程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资〔美国〕有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约尔控股有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球创投有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n17. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd（德斯平斯诉ACA资本集团有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中，就 G Fashion（G时尚）和 GFNY（GF纽约）寻求相同或实质上类似的救济。受托人援引并将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状作为本文件的一部分并入（综合对抗程序，Docket No. 1）。\n\n18. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价地向空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n19. 除受托人对抗程序中处理的事项外，Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过该公司，是 Dawn State Limited（曙光州有限公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并使用 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。5\n\n20. Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）还认定，“G Entities”（G实体）（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music（G音乐）、GClubs（G俱乐部）、GNews（G新闻）和 GEdu（G教育））、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他声称独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制6、由债务人领导7，和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业载体”8。\n\n5 批准关于认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的命令，第1、4段（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”））。\n\n6 部分批准初步禁令动议的更正决定备忘录， 第3段（Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’”））。\n\n7 同上，第7段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n8 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业载体，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n21. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名司机所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——“本质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。9\n\n22. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，简称“PAX”）的追收工作，费尽心机。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）提起对债务人的诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX判决——包括 Lady May（“Lady May”号），债务人虚假声称该船由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为其儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中藐视纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚金。\n\n9 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n23. 债务人还将包括 G Fashion 和 GFNY 在内的其另我实体用作私人钱袋，在将资产隐藏于该等另我实体、使其债权人无法发现，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿的同时，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n24. 债务人已在 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）作证称，其资产不足以偿还其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。10 债务人仅在清单中列报了 $3,850 的资产。11\n\n25. 2023年3月，债务人被联邦当局逮捕，并被羁押且不得保释。2024年7月16日，在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审判后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即有组织犯罪活动共谋、电信诈骗和银行诈骗共谋、洗钱共谋、证券欺诈共谋、与 Farm Loan Program（农场贷款计划）相关的电信诈骗、与 Farm Loan program（农场贷款计划）相关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 相关的电信诈骗、与 G|CLUBS 相关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange（喜马拉雅交易所）相关的电信诈骗。\n\n26. United States Government（美国政府）在对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行了洗钱。”12\n\n10 关于债务人请求作出临时和最终 DIP 命令之动议的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资，及 (II) 安排临时和最终听证会，及 (III) 准予相关救济（Main Case, April 27, 2022）\n\n11 见注3\n\n12 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，作为 Exhibit B 附于第11章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G俱乐部运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制执行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n27. 债务人另我实体的财产，包括 G Fashion 和 GFNY，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n28. 在与本文件有关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）开展业务，包括指挥本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳公司骗局及欺诈在申请后持续进行\n\n29. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 G Fashion 和 GFNY，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n30. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY。\n\n31. 这些申请后转让均未获 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）授权，该等转让亦未获 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）授权。\n\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n32. 本起诉状所涉转让均意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人，因为该等转让均通过作为债务人空壳公司骗局一部分而运营的债务人另我空壳公司作出。\n\n33. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，却同时大肆挥霍，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n34. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理的一起刑事案件中，被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和有组织犯罪活动罪名成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美利坚合众国诉郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n35. 债务人明知并意图通过以该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会留有足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\nF. 撤销请求的时效中止\n\n36. 2024年2月15日，法院作出部分批准延长期限动议的决定备忘录和命令 [Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至2024年8月15日（含当日）。\n\n37. 在时效中止命令中，法院认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的清单及财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未能与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令，第14页。）\n\n38. 与债务人有关的其家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿、[Mei] Guo（郭美）及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未交付资产和滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭”，即为证明。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（同上），并且面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。（同上，第17页。）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280项对抗程序。（见 Main Docket，概括而言。）\n\n39. 2024年8月14日，法院作出批准受托人延长提起撤销之诉期限的第二次动议的命令 [Main Case Docket No. 3417]（“第二项时效中止命令”），进一步将 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查仍面临障碍以及受托人开展该调查时的勤勉（第二项时效中止命令，第2-3页）。\n\n40. 受托人已勤勉地调查并追究本起诉状中主张的请求。\n\n41. 鉴于受托人在开展勤勉调查时面临的非同寻常阻碍等事项，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本文件所主张请求的任何诉讼时效实行衡平法时效中止。\n\nG. 向被告作出的转让\n\n42. 在申请日之前，债务人通过其包括 G Fashion 在内的自我利益一致的空壳公司，或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（统称“申请日前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n43. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 GFNY，或以其他方式，将破产财产转让给被告（统称“申请日后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 B。\n\n44. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n45. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n46. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至45段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n47. 申请日前转让由债务人作出，包括通过其自我利益一致的空壳公司 G Fashion 作出，且具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n48. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让是通过自我利益一致的空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请日前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，以企图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\nf. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人已资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n49. 在 February 15, 2020 当日或之后发生的申请日前转让，受托人可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 撤销，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273 and 276，以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n50. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至45段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n51. 申请日前转让由债务人作出，包括通过其自我利益一致的空壳公司 G Fashion 作出，且具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n52. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让是通过自我利益一致的空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请日前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，以企图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\nf. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人已资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n53. 申请日前转让可由受托人根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276 以及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 撤销，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a) 撤销并追回未经授权转让的请求）\n\n54. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至45段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n55. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其自我利益一致的空壳公司 GFNY 作出。\n\n56. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n57. 该等转让未经破产法院或 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\n58. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n59. 该等转让可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 549(a) 撤销。\n\n60. 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并加计截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n［本页其余部分有意留白。］\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 $26,096.00 的申请日前转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销申请日前转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回申请日前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 $26,096.00 的申请日前转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销申请日前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回申请日前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，作出命令，(a) 宣告金额不低于 $187,531.00 的该等转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 549 被撤销；以及 (b) 作出命令，指令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 判给受托人自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 13, 2025，New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 G Fashion 3/30/2021 $\n(8,695.00)\n\n2 G Fashion 4/13/2021 (8,004.00)\n\n3 G Fashion 5/12/2021 (9,397.00)\n\n合计－向 S.A. Leather 支付款项 $\n(26,096.00)\n\n附件 B\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 GFNY Inc 7/6/2022 $\n(2,679.00)\n\n2 GFNY Inc 7/6/2022 (76,772.00)\n\n3 GFNY Inc 7/8/2022 (105,361.00)\n\n4 GFNY Inc 7/15/2022 (2,719.00)\n\n合计－向 S.A. Leather 支付款项 $\n(187,531.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5093,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:06:36"}