{"id":"court_ctb_4101_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4101,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2025-02-13","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
BMW OF FREEPORT | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 13, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|---------------------------------|--------------------------|---|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | Debtors. | :
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | :
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25-[ | ] |\n| BMW OF FREEPORT, | | :
: | February
13, 2025 | |\n| | Defendant. | :
: | | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
x
:
x | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant BMW of Freeport (the \"Defendant\"),\n\nstating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GS Security Solutions Inc. (\"GS Security\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$324,129.04 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York corporation with an address and place of business at 291 W Sunrise Hwy, Freeport, New York 11520.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GS Security.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GS Security is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. 3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect GS Security in *Despins v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-0322] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Pro. No. 24-5249]; (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n# **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GS Security, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GS Security.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n# **E. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell company GS Security, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of\n\nthe Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company GS Security.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]*\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$324,129.04 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4101 Filed 02/13/25 Entered 02/13/25 15:31:16 Page 11 of 11\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|--------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-----------|-----------------|\n| 1 | GS Security Solutions Inc | 1/6/2023 | \\$ (323,115.56) |\n| 2 | GS Security Solutions Inc | 2/2/2023 | (506.74) |\n| 3 | GS Security Solutions Inc | 2/21/2023 | (506.74) |\n| Total - Payments to BMW of Freeport
\\$ (324,129.04) | | | |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nBMW OF FREEPORT（弗里波特宝马）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙泰思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（请简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条，请求撤销及追回申请提交后\n转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉因起按1编号，第一备选诉因为2，第二备选诉因为3，依此类推，最多编号五（5）个方框。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产返还\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6)－可解除性（续）\n□\n61－可解除性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68－可解除性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63－可解除性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可解除性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65－可解除性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4)－对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务\n□\n41－对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81－债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可解除性\n□\n66－可解除性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－可解除性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可解除性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续于下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 被移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01－对被移送债权或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据FRCP 23的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院办公地\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办公地 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 13, 2025 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立一个“财产集合”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权极其宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人解除债务的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交Form 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF在提交过程中获取Form 1040上的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或地方法院规则所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。该封面页大致可不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（或者，如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n: （合并管理）\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， :\n\n: 对抗程序编号 25-[ ]\nBMW OF FREEPORT（弗里波特宝马）， :\n: February\n13, 2025\n被告。 :\n\nx\n:\nx\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条，请求撤销及追回申请提交后转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其在Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，对被告BMW of Freeport（以下简称“被告”）提起本对抗程序起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），\n\n陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（又名Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号末四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号末四位：8202）和Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为作为Ho Wan Kwok财产集合受托人的Luc A. Despins（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第11章案件开始后发生、且未经破产法院依据《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“破产法典”）授权的债务人第11章财产集合财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请日后，债务人通过其替身空壳公司GS Security Solutions Inc.（以下简称“GS Security”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为\\$324,129.04的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等申请提交后对财产集合财产的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，该等转让可依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令获任命[案件编号22-50073（以下简称“主案”），案卷编号523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约州公司，其地址及营业场所位于291 W Sunrise Hwy, Freeport, New York 11520。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022（以下简称“申请日”）向美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院（以下简称“法院”或“破产法院”）提交了根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的自愿申请，从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有\\$3,850的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 尽管债务人的确负债累累，其财产清单却未披露由其众多替身空壳公司（包括GS Security）持有及/或转让的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，法院作出备忘决定及命令[主案案卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件的受托人[主案案卷编号523]。\n\n2 《资产和负债清单》，第1页[主案案卷编号78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GS Security是债务人为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多替身空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、副手及/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出及/或转让数百万美元现金和其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，其中包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其替身及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干案件中，破产法院已批准该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人在Despins v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-0322]（以下简称“综合对抗程序”）中，就GS Security寻求相同或实质上相似的救济。受托人援引并将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文（综合对抗程序，案卷编号1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i)由债务人控制、由近亲属及/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii)以现金购置的资产，\n\n3 除综合对抗程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（纽约）有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司）等案 [Adv. Pro. No. 24-5249]；(ix) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体，及/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳操作和欺诈行为在申请日后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 GS Security（GS安保），均成为债务人第11章破产财产的组成部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多作为其另我实体的空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GS Security。\n\n19. 该等申请日后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权期间中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[主案案卷编号 2921]（“期间中止命令”），其中法院依据《破产规则》9006(b)，将《破产法》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 法院在期间中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他行为外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未能与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人的义务。（期间中止命令第 14 页。）\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻挠了受托人的调查，法院作出如下认定即为证明：“至少八项命令认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未交付资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭。”（同上，第 15 页。）法院认定，“在这些共同管理的第11章案件中不遵守本院命令的情形，实属非同寻常”（同上），且面对该等阻挠，受托人的调查“一直具有超出合理程度的勤勉。”（同上，第 17 页。）自 2024年2月以来，受托人已提起逾 280 项对抗程序。（见主案案卷，概述。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[主案案卷编号 3417]（“第二次期间中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至 2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查的勤勉（第二次期间中止命令第 2-3 页）。\n\n24. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状中主张的请求权方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n25. 鉴于受托人在开展勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻挠等情形，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求权的任何时效期间实施衡平中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n26. 申请日后，债务人通过其另我实体空壳公司 GS Security，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n27. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告是该等转让的最初受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 28 段所载指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n30. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另我实体空壳公司 GS Security 作出转让。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n34. 该等转让可依据《破产法》第 549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第 550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并收取自该等转让之日起至付款日的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n据此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求权，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不低于 $324,129.04 的该等转让依据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法》第 550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人判给自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 13, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩和蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4101 Filed 02/13/25 Entered 02/13/25 15:31:16 Page 11 of 11\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 GS Security Solutions Inc（GS安保解决方案公司） 1/6/2023 $ (323,115.56)\n2 GS Security Solutions Inc 2/2/2023 (506.74)\n3 GS Security Solutions Inc 2/21/2023 (506.74)\n合计 — 向 BMW of Freeport（弗里波特 BMW）的付款\n$ (324,129.04)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3103,"status":"published","published_at":"2025-02-13 00:00:00","created_at":"2025-02-13","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:45:23"}