{"id":"court_ctb_4103_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4103,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
□ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23
Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|---------------------------------|--------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. __________ |\n| VISION BUILDING ENERGY
EFFICIENCY LLC dba BEE,
----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
:
:
:
:
:
: | February 13, 2025 |\n| | | x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Vision Building Energy Efficiency LLC dba BEE (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, River Valley Operations LLC (\"River Valley\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$1,443,540.69 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **THE PARTIES**\n\n2\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Nevada limited liability company with offices located at 13809 Research Boulevard, Suite 279, Austin, Texas 78750-1213.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including River Valley.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nappointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. River Valley is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this relief with respect to River Valley in *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311],and (ix) *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24- 05249].\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including River Valley, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, River Valley.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n# **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company River Valley, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE** A attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company River Valley.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n# *[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,443,540.69 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDU LE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------|-------------------|\n| 1 | River Valley Operations LLC | 8/29/2022 | \\$ (409,548.22) |\n| 2 | River Valley Operations LLC | 9/9/2022 | (200,000.00) |\n| 3 | River Valley Operations LLC | 11/7/2022 | (250,000.00) |\n| 4 | River Valley Operations LLC | 1/31/2023 | (477,712.50) |\n| 5 | River Valley Operations LLC | 3/16/2023 | (106,279.97) |\n| Total - Payments to Vision Building Energy Efficiency LLC d/b/a Bee | | | \\$ (1,443,540.69) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法令）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五（5）项，主要诉因编号为 1，第一备选诉因编号为 2，第二备选诉因编号为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除（续）\n□\n61-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费以外）\n□\n65-债务可否免除 - 其他\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\n□\n41-对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除\n□\n66-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，若与破产案件无关原本将在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性争议，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为 FRCP 23 规定的集体诉讼，请勾选\n请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立一项“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会发生涉及破产财团财产或财产权利的诉讼。也可能发生涉及债务人债务免除的诉讼。如果此类诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，封面页概述该对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息来处理对抗程序，并编制关于法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页在很大程度上不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉状所载方式填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由在案律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n： （联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n： 对抗程序编号 __________\nVISION BUILDING ENERGY\nEFFICIENCY LLC dba BEE（以 BEE 名义经营的愿景建筑能源效率有限责任公司），\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 ：\n\n： 2025 年 2 月 13 日\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以获任命担任 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提起本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），起诉被告 Vision Building Energy Efficiency LLC dba BEE（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 本第 11 章案件开始后对债务人第 11 章破产财团财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 River Valley Operations LLC（“River Valley”）于申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计 \\$1,443,540.69 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条予以撤销及追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家内华达州有限责任公司，其办公地点位于 13809 Research Boulevard, Suite 279, Austin, Texas 78750-1213。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交了根据《破产法典》第 11 章请求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人的确负债累累，其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 River Valley）持有及/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件 Docket No. 78]。\n\n任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. River Valley 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信及/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出及/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第 11 章案件中提起了若干对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我及/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平拥有在内的目的；且破产法院已在若干该等对抗程序中准予此类救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]（“综合对抗程序”）中就 River Valley 寻求该等救济。受托人通过援引将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n3 除综合对抗诉讼程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得此类救济的对抗诉讼程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭梅）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK技术公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约尔控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (ix) Despins（德斯平斯）诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24- 05249]。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另一个自我实体持有的全部财产，包括 River Valley（河谷），均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多另一个自我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 River Valley。\n\n19. 该等申请破产后转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法》获得授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未与受托人合作，所有这些均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人所承担的义务。（时效中止命令，第14页。）\n\n22. 与债务人有关联的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭梅）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”即为明证。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（同上），并认定，面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。（同上，第17页。）自 2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280项对抗诉讼程序。（见主案案卷，总体而言。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至 2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍及受托人开展该调查时的勤勉。（第二次时效中止命令，第2-3页。）\n\n24. 受托人已勤勉地调查并追诉本起诉状中主张的请求。\n\n25. 鉴于包括受托人在开展其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的各项情况，衡平考量强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何时效规定进行衡平法时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告进行的转让\n\n26. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 River Valley 或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n27. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销及追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至22段所载指称，犹如在本文中完整列明。\n\n30. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另一个自我空壳公司 River Valley 作出该等转让。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n34. 该等转让可根据《破产法》第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并加计自该等转让发生之日起至付款之日止的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $1,443,540.69 的该等转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 13, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 River Valley Operations LLC（河谷运营有限责任公司） 8/29/2022 $ (409,548.22)\n\n2 River Valley Operations LLC 9/9/2022 (200,000.00)\n\n3 River Valley Operations LLC 11/7/2022 (250,000.00)\n\n4 River Valley Operations LLC 1/31/2023 (477,712.50)\n\n5 River Valley Operations LLC 3/16/2023 (106,279.97)\n\n合计 - 向 Vision Building Energy Efficiency LLC d/b/a Bee（以 Bee 名义经营的愿景建筑能源效率有限责任公司）支付款项 $ (1,443,540.69)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3047,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:26:02"}