{"id":"court_ctb_4117_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4117,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
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13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v.
COHEN HOWARD LLP | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
February 14, 2025 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendant.
:
:
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 276 AND 278**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Cohen Howard LLP (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Golden Spring (New York) Limited (\"Golden Spring\") and ACA Capital Group Ltd. (\"ACA Capital\" and jointly with Golden Spring, the \"Relevant Alter Egos\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$318,392.75 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n2\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544 and 550 of Tile 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections, 276 and 2782 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a New Jersey limited liability partnership with an office and place of business at 766 Shrewsbury Avenue, Suite 200, Tinton Falls, New Jersey 07724.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVTA\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFCA\") within the NYDebt & Cred Law, taking effect on April 4, 2020 and applying to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after that date. With respect to the transfers that occurred prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFCA and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 (as these statutes existed at the time of the transfers).\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. The Relevant Alter Egos are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nby the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring is the Debtor's alter ego and that its property, prior to the Petition Date, was property of the Debtor. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35 (the \"Golden Spring Judgment\"). The Golden Spring Judgment is final and no longer subject to appeal. The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Golden Spring A.P., Docket No. 1) and the Golden Spring Judgment.\n\n16. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect ACA Capital in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n17. The fact patterns in the litigations described in the previous paragraphs consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24- 5311], and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\n## **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.5\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor6 , led by the Debtor7 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.8\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.9\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"),\n\n5 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n6 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n7 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n8 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n9 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\nIndex No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including the Relevant Alter Egos, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos effectuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.10 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.11\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, i.e., racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to\n\n10 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022).\n\n11 *See* n.3.\n\ncommit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"12\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including the Relevant Alter Egos, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n## **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n28. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n29. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n12 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n30. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n31. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n32. The Debtor's ability to establish and maintain his shell game—which involved a tangled web of numerous alter-ego entities—depended upon, among other things, services provided by professional firms.\n\n33. The Defendant is a law firm that previously employed Aaron Mitchell (\"Mr. Mitchell\"). Mr. Mitchell was involved with multiple of the Debtor's fraudulent schemes, including, among other things, an illegal securities offering, a fraudulent cryptocurrency venture, and the Debtor's \"G Club\" scheme.\n\n34. Mr. Mitchell has also assisted the Debtor in laundering and concealing the Debtor's assets to hinder, delay, or defraud the Debtor's creditors and assisted in the preparation of the Debtor's fraudulent schedules in this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n35. Upon information and belief, Transfers at issue in this Complaint relate to services provided by Mr. Mitchell during his association with the Defendant.\n\n9\n\n### **E. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n36. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n37. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n38. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n39. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n40. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n41. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n#### **F. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n42. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using the Relevant Alter Egos, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n43. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's Estate.\n\n44. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n45. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n46. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, including through the Relevant Alter Egos, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n47. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfers were effectuated using alter-ego shell companies;\n- b. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n48. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 (NYUFCA) as these statutes existed at the time of such Transfers, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n[*REMAINDER PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$318,392.75 is avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 278 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n## [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 14, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | | Amount |\n|------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|------------|----|-------------|\n| 1 | ACA Capital Group Ltd | 2/8/2018 | \\$ | (5,632.50) |\n| 2 | ACA Capital Group Ltd | 2/23/2018 | | (2,500.00) |\n| 3 | ACA Capital Group Ltd | 3/8/2018 | | (22,940.00) |\n| 4 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 4/25/2018 | | (22,770.00) |\n| 5 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 5/21/2018 | | (24,444.90) |\n| 6 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 7/9/2018 | | (50,681.40) |\n| 7 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 8/10/2018 | | (34,989.50) |\n| 8 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 8/24/2018 | | (24,645.00) |\n| 9 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 9/27/2018 | | (21,435.00) |\n| 10 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 10/30/2018 | | (18,387.60) |\n| 11 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 12/14/2018 | | (18,660.00) |\n| 12 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 1/3/2019 | | (20,657.25) |\n| 13 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 1/28/2019 | | (17,335.00) |\n| 14 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 3/7/2019 | | (16,091.00) |\n| 15 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 6/11/2019 | | (17,223.60) |\n| Total - Payments to Cohen Howard LLP
\\$
(318,392.75) | | | | |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附有说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人／破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人／破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼原因\n（简要说明诉讼原因，包括所涉全部美国法令）\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉讼原因作为第 1 项起，最多编号五（5）个方框；第一个备选诉讼原因为第 2 项，第二个备选诉讼原因为第 3 项，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱／财产追回\n□\n11-金钱／财产追回 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-金钱／财产追回 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-金钱／财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-金钱／财产追回 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意造成的损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施停止令\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议／撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议／撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，在与破产案件无关时本应于州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为 FRCP 23 项下集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人名称 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分庭办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分庭办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下产生一项“财产”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围如此广泛，且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理／电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取表格 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制有关法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息，并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉状中所载的姓名填写原告和被告名称。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格区破产法院（United States Bankruptcy Court District of Connecticut）布里奇波特分庭（Bridgeport Division）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n： Case No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉\nCOHEN HOWARD LLP（科恩·霍华德律师事务所） x\n\n原告，\n\n： 对抗程序编号 [ ]\nFebruary 14, 2025\n\n被告。\n：\n：\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 544 条和第 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 276 条和第 278 条请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，对被告 Cohen Howard LLP（“被告”）提起本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司）（“Golden Spring”）和 ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA 资本集团有限公司）（“ACA Capital”，与 Golden Spring 合称“相关另我实体”），于申请日之前（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $318,392.75 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈债务人的债权人。或者，该等转让构成推定欺诈，因为作出转让时债务人已无清偿能力，且债务人未因此获得合理等值对价。\n\n管辖权和审理地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）第 544 条和第 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 276 条和第 278 条2，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家新泽西州有限责任合伙企业，其办公室及营业地点位于 766 Shrewsbury Avenue, Suite 200, Tinton Falls, New Jersey 07724。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在美国康涅狄格区破产法院（“本院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第 11 章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的\n\n2 对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，以下均简称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVTA”）取代了 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 中的《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFCA”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在该日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于在 April 4, 2020 之前发生的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFCA 及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 276 条和第 278 条（以该等法条在转让发生时的效力为准）请求救济。\n\n负债。3 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括相关另我实体）持有和／或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘决定和命令 [主案 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 担任第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案 Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. 相关另我实体是债务人为阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人所使用的众多另我空壳公司中的一部分。多年来，债务人一直策划一种“空壳把戏”，利用由家属、亲信和／或下属名义持有、但实际由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、支出和／或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我实体和／或该等公司及其资产由债务人享有衡平所有权在内的目的；在数项对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 法院已作出判决，认定 Golden Spring（黄金泉）系债务人的另一个我，且其在破产申请日之前的财产属于债务人的财产。（对抗程序案号 23-5018（“Golden Spring A.P.”），案卷编号 35（“Golden Spring 判决书”）。Golden Spring 判决书已生效，且不再可提起上诉。受托人援引并将其在 Golden Spring A.P. 中提交的起诉状（Golden Spring A.P.，案卷编号 1）及 Golden Spring 判决书纳入本文。\n\n16. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [对抗程序案号 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中就 ACA Capital（ACA 资本）寻求相同或实质上类似的救济。受托人援引并将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，案卷编号 1）纳入本文。\n\n17. 前述各段所述诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：（i）由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；（ii）以来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购得，和/或在空壳实体之间无偿转让的资产；以及（iii）债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n4 该等对抗程序包括以下案件：（i）Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第11章受托人 v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC），et al. [对抗程序案号 22-05003]；（ii）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05005]；（iii）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Mei Guo（郭美）[对抗程序案号 23-05008]；（iv）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies, Inc.），et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05013]；（v）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05017]；（vi）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序 23-05023]；（vii）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor Holdings Limited），et al. [对抗程序案号 24- 5311]；以及（viii）Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. AA Global Ventures Limited（AA Global Ventures Limited），et al. [对抗程序案号 24-05322]。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗程序中处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（Ace Decade Limited）的受益所有人（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（Dawn State Limited）的受益所有人），且债务人控制并使用 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王月）。5\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制6、由债务人领导7，和/或服务于债务人的“目的……并作为债务人的商业载体”。8\n\n20. 在破产申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东益有限公司）最初由债务人的一名厨师拥有，后转让给债务人的女儿，该实体“实质上是”债务人的“空壳公司”。9\n\n21. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业，简称“PAX”）的追偿工作，不遗余力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院，以下简称“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，\n\n5 准许动议以裁定债务人藐视公司治理命令的命令，第 ¶¶ 1, 4 段（Jan. 24, 2023，案卷编号 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭命令”）。\n\n6 经更正的部分准许初步禁令动议的裁定备忘录，第 ¶ 3 段（对抗程序案号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（Saraca Media Group）及相关实体‘GTV’”）。\n\n7 同上，第 ¶ 7 段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n8 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业载体，其成员个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n9 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n案号 652077/2017（“PAX 案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。On February 3, 2021，PAX 获得纽约法院针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX 判决书”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产执行 PAX 判决书——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该资产由其女儿所有；以及债务人在 Manhattan（曼哈顿）的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为其儿子以信托形式持有。债务人在判决后程序中拒不遵从纽约法院命令，最终导致其承担 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n22. 债务人还将包括相关另一个我实体在内的其另一个我实体作为私人钱袋，用于资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于该等另一个我实体中以躲避债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另一个我实体实施的转让，实施了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿付其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。10 债务人仅在财产清单中列报 \\$3,850 的资产。11\n\n24. In March 2023，债务人被联邦当局逮捕并被无保释羁押。On July 16, 2024，在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院审理后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即敲诈勒索共谋、实施电信欺诈和银行欺诈共谋、洗钱共谋、实施证券欺诈共谋、与 Farm Loan Program（农场贷款计划）有关的电信欺诈、与 Farm Loan program 有关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的电信欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange（喜马拉雅交易所）有关的电信欺诈。\n\n25. 美国政府在对债务人提出的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”12\n\n26. 债务人另一个我实体的财产，包括相关另一个我实体的财产，在破产申请日之前的任何时候均属于债务人的财产。\n\n27. 在与本文有关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）从事业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n28. 本起诉状所涉转让（定义见本文）系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转让均通过作为债务人空壳骗局一部分而运作的债务人另一个我空壳公司作出。\n\n29. 债务人故意以该方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人一面声称一贫如洗，一面大肆支出，以维持其本人、家庭成员和密切关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n12 参见美国反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，作为第11章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club 运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复之附件 B（June 23, 2023，主案案卷编号 1934）。\n\n30. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，已被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索罪名成立。参见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国 v. 郭文贵），案号 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n31. 债务人明知并意图通过以该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\n32. 债务人建立并维持其空壳骗局的能力——该骗局涉及由众多另一个我实体构成的错综复杂网络——除其他事项外，取决于专业机构所提供的服务。\n\n33. 被告是一家此前雇用 Aaron Mitchell（Aaron Mitchell，以下简称“Mitchell 先生”）的律师事务所。Mitchell 先生参与了债务人的多项欺诈计划，其中包括非法证券发行、欺诈性加密货币项目以及债务人的“G Club”计划。\n\n34. Mitchell 先生还协助债务人洗钱和隐匿债务人的资产，以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债务人的债权人，并协助编制本第11章案件中债务人的欺诈性财产清单。\n\n35. 根据信息和信念，本起诉状所涉转让与 Mitchell 先生在与被告关联期间提供的服务有关。\n\nE. 撤销权请求的时效中止\n\n36. On February 15, 2024，法院作出其部分准许延长期限动议的裁定备忘录和命令 [主案案卷编号 2921]（“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将《破产法典》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至并包括 August 15, 2024。\n\n37. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自破产申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式配合受托人，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法典》项下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令，第 14 页。）\n\n38. 债务人的家庭成员及其他与其关联的个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，裁定……债务人、其女儿、[Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未交出资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭”，即为证明。（同上，第 15 页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵从本法院命令的行为，是非同寻常的”（同上），并且认定，面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“一直是超出合理程度的勤勉”。（同上，第 17 页。）自 February 2024 以来，受托人已提起280多宗对抗程序。（参见主案案卷，总体而言。）\n\n39. On August 14, 2024，法院作出准许受托人第二次延长提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令 [主案案卷编号 3417]（“第二份时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法典》第 108、546 和 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至 February 15, 2025，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍，以及受托人在进行该调查时的勤勉。（第二份时效中止命令，第 2-3 页。）\n\n40. 受托人已勤勉地调查并追诉本起诉状中主张的请求。\n\n41. 鉴于包括受托人在进行其勤勉调查时所面临的异常阻碍在内的诸多因素，衡平利益权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何诉讼时效实行衡平中止。\nF. 向被告的转让\n\n42. 在申请日之前，债务人通过使用相关替身实体或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人的财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n43. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n44. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n第一项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 提出的撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让请求）\n\n45. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n46. 债务人，包括通过相关替身实体，以实际意图阻碍、延误和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了该等转让。\n\n47. 债务人为实施该等转让而意图阻碍、延误和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，表明如下：\n\na. 该等转让是通过替身空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，以图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，从而进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括 PAX（派克斯）在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\nf. 在该等转让发生时，债务人已资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n48. 根据该等转让发生时有效的 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278（NYUFCA）以及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)，受托人可撤销该转让，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该转让。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 \\$318,392.75 的该转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 278 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回该转让，或由受托人自行选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 14, 2025 New Haven（纽黑文）, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven（纽黑文）, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n附件A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司） 2/8/2018 \\$ (5,632.50)\n2 ACA Capital Group Ltd 2/23/2018 (2,500.00)\n3 ACA Capital Group Ltd 3/8/2018 (22,940.00)\n4 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd（金泉〈纽约〉有限公司） 4/25/2018 (22,770.00)\n5 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 5/21/2018 (24,444.90)\n6 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 7/9/2018 (50,681.40)\n7 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 8/10/2018 (34,989.50)\n8 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 8/24/2018 (24,645.00)\n9 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 9/27/2018 (21,435.00)\n10 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 10/30/2018 (18,387.60)\n11 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 12/14/2018 (18,660.00)\n12 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 1/3/2019 (20,657.25)\n13 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 1/28/2019 (17,335.00)\n14 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 3/7/2019 (16,091.00)\n15 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 6/11/2019 (17,223.60)\n合计——向 Cohen Howard LLP（科恩·霍华德有限责任合伙企业）支付的款项\n\\$\n(318,392.75)","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4692,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:32:54"}