{"id":"court_ctb_4555_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4555,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | | |\n| □
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25- [ ] |\n| X49 FZ LLC, | | :
:
: | August 12, 2025 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
:
x | |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant X49 FZ LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell company Rule of Law Foundation III Inc (\"ROLF\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$295,000.00 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an Abu Dhabi limited liability company with an address of P.O. Box 77957, YCH C40 YS2 C40 T2, 070701 Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including ROLF.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. ROLF is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this or substantially similar relief with respect to ROLF in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\") The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P., the following : (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311], and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including ROLF, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, ROLF.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n20. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alterego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n21. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n22. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor was convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering\n\ncharges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n23. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **E. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n24. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n25. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n26. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter\n\n11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n27. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n28. On February 14, 2025, the Court entered its *Order Granting in Part Third Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 4106] (the \"Third Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through August 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Third Tolling Order at p. 3).\n\n29. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n30. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **F. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n7\n\n31. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell company,\n\nincluding ROLF, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n32. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n33. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n34. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-33 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n35. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through ROLF.\n\n36. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n37. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n38. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n39. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n40. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n8\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$295,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: August 12, 2025 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Transferor | Date | Amount |\n|------|--------------------------------|---------|--------------------|\n| 1 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/6/25 | \\$
(100,000.00) |\n| 2 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/12/25 | (100,000.00) |\n| 3 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/24/25 | (95,000.00) |\n| | Total - Payments to X49 FZ LLC | | \\$
(295,000.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如知悉）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五（5）项，从主要诉因作为第1项、第一备选诉因作为第2项、第二备选诉因作为第3项等依次填写。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性（续）\n□\n61-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意造成的损害\n□\n63-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-债务可免除性 - 其他\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除\n□\n41-对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n51-撤销确认 □\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性\n□\n66-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对被移送债权或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的提出会在破产法院管辖下产生一个“破产财团”，该财团包括债务人的所有财产，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会有涉及债务人债务免除的诉讼。如在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中收集 Form 1040 中的信息。）填写完毕后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文书。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记官单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如知悉，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该律师事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）,\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n: 对抗程序编号 25- [ ]\nX49 FZ LLC， :\n:\n: August 12, 2025\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 :\n:\nx\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转让和相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 X49 FZ LLC（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回在本第11章案件开始后、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权而转让的债务人第11章破产财团财产。\n\n2. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（“ROLF”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计金额为 $295,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 因该等申请提交后对破产财团财产的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令，担任第11章案件中的第11章受托人 [案件编号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家阿布扎比有限责任公司，地址为 P.O. Box 77957, YCH C40 YS2 C40 T2, 070701 Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请，由此开始第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并已产生数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 ROLF）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘录式裁决和命令 [主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案案卷编号 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案案卷编号 78]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. ROLF 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中就 ROLF 寻求本项或实质相似的救济。受托人援引并纳入其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，案卷编号 1）。\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括以下案件：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]，以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳操作及欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 ROLF，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多另我实体空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 ROLF。\n\n19. 这些申请破产后转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n20. 本起诉状所涉转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转让均通过债务人的另我实体空壳公司作出，而该等公司系作为债务人空壳操作的一部分运营。\n\n21. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时隐匿并耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却为维持其本人、其家庭成员及亲密关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式而大量支出。\n\n22. 债务人隐匿并耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害者处获得的资金。因该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理的一宗刑事案件中，被裁定多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名项成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国诉郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n23. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿并耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产剩余用于偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害者。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\nE. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n24. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将《破产法》第 108、546 及 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括2024年8月15日。\n\n25. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单及财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》项下债务人的义务。（Tolling Order at p. 14.）\n\n26. 债务人的家庭成员及其他与其关联的个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，如法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭梅）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未交付资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”所示。（Id. at p. 15.）法院认定，在这些合并管理的第11章案件中，“不遵守本法院命令的情形是非同寻常的”（id.），并且面对该等妨碍，受托人的调查“一直尽到远超合理程度的勤勉”。（id. at p. 17）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对抗性程序。（见 Main Docket，概括而言。）\n\n27. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第 108、546 及 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人开展该等调查的勤勉程度（Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3）。\n\n28. 2025年2月14日，法院作出《部分准许第三次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 4106]（以下简称“第三次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第 108、546 及 549 条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年8月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人开展该等调查的勤勉程度（Third Tolling Order at p. 3）。\n\n29. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状中主张的请求权方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n30. 鉴于包括受托人在开展其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常妨碍在内的诸多因素，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求权的任何诉讼时效实行衡平中止。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n31. 申请日后，债务人通过其另我实体空壳公司，包括 ROLF，或以其他方式，将破产财产转让给被告（以下简称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下转让：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n32. 作出该等转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n33. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条及第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n34. 受托人重复主张并再次陈述第1至33段所载指控，如同在本文件中完整载明。\n\n35. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过 ROLF 作出。\n\n36. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n37. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n38. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n39. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n40. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，连同截至付款日的利息及本诉讼的费用。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求权，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$295,000.00 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人判给自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：August 12, 2025 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS（LUC A. DESPINS），第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附件A\n\n编号 转让人 日期 金额\n\n1 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会III公司） 2/6/25 \\$\n(100,000.00)\n\n2 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 2/12/25 (100,000.00)\n\n3 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 2/24/25 (95,000.00)\n\n合计－向 X49 FZ LLC 支付款项 \\$\n(295,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":3357,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:34:37"}