{"id":"court_ctb_4556_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4556,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
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21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
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63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
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64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
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65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
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41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x
: | |\n| LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE, | | :
: | |\n| v. | Plaintiff, | :
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. |\n| | | :
: | August 12, 2025 |\n| YAY DESIGN INC., | | :
: | |\n| | Defendant. | :
: | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Yay Design Inc. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date (as defined herein), the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Rule of Law Foundation III Inc. (\"Rule of Law\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$200,000.00 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these post-petition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n# **THE PARTIES**\n\n2\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is Delaware corporation with a principal place of business located at 48 Squirrel Hill Road, Rosyln Heights, New York 11577.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Rule of Law.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Rule of Law is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this or substantially similar relief with respect to Rule of Law in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\").\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\nThe Trustee incorporates by reference herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter-egos, including Rule of Law, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Rule of Law.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n20. The transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as it was made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n21. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n5\n\n22. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n23. The Debtor knew and intended that, by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner, there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **E. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n24. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n25. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n26. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n27. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n28. On February 14, 2025, the Court entered its *Order Granting in Part Third Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 4106] (the \"Third Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through August 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Third Tolling Order at p. 3).\n\n29. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n30. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n7\n\n# **F. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n31. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies including Rule of Law, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n32. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of\n\nthe Debtor's estate.\n\n33. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n34. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-33 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n35. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, Rule of Law.\n\n36. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n37. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n38. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n39. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n40. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$200,000.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: August 12, 2025 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka* Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 plinsey@npmlaw.com dskalka@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Transferor | Date | Amount |\n|------------------------------------|--------------------------------|----------|----------------|\n| 1 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 11/22/24 | \\$ (60,000.00) |\n| 2 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 12/19/24 | \\$(80,000.00) |\n| 3 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 2/19/25 | \\$(60,000.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Yay Design Inc | \\$ (200,000.00) | | |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼原因\n（简要说明诉讼原因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉讼原因为 1，第一备选诉讼原因为 2，第二备选诉讼原因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n□\n11-追回款项/财产 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-追回款项/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准财产出售\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益次级化\n□\n81-债权或权益次级化\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n□\n91-确认之诉\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，若与破产案件无关，本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件待决地区 分院 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分院 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下创设一项“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。还可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n除非当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序，提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取表格 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息来处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大致不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按起诉状中所示准确填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告、在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。该封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（康涅狄格地区联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n: （联合管理）\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A. 德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人， :\n\n诉 原告， :\n:\n: 对抗程序编号\n\n: August 12, 2025\nYAY DESIGN INC.（Yay Design公司）， :\n\n被告。 :\n\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A. 德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 Yay Design Inc.（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权而转让的债务人第 11 章破产财团财产。\n\n2. 在申请日（定义如下）之后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc.（“Rule of Law”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $200,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销并追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）第 549 和 550 条。\n当事人\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定[案号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n8. 被告是一家 Delaware corporation（特拉华州公司），其主要营业地位于 48 Squirrel Hill Road, Rosyln Heights, New York 11577。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格地区联邦破产法院）提交了根据《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章（“破产法典”）申请救济的自愿申请，由此启动上述标题所列第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Rule of Law）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘录式裁决及命令[主案件卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A.\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页[主案件卷编号 78]。\n\nDespins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人[主案件卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Rule of Law 是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人精心安排了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家族成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时对债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起若干对抗程序，旨在包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平拥有；在若干此类对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中，就 Rule of Law 寻求本项或实质相似的救济。\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n受托人特此援引其在 Omnibus A.P.（综合对抗程序）中提交的起诉书（Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无偿转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏及欺诈行为在破产申请提交后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至破产申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的所有财产，包括 Rule of Law（法治），均成为第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在破产申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）承担的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 Rule of Law。\n\n19. 这些破产申请提交后的转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n20. 本起诉书所涉转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转让是通过债务人的替身空壳公司进行，该等公司系债务人空壳把戏的一部分。\n\n21. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产，同时向其众多债权人虚假宣称贫困。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，却同时大量支出，为其本人、其家属及密切关联人士维持亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n22. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人已在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理的一起刑事案件中，被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名项成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国诉郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n23. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产留存以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\nE. 撤销权请求的时效中止\n\n24. 2024年2月15日，法院作出其《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（下称“时效中止命令”），法院据此依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将 Bankruptcy Code 第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至并包括2024年8月15日。\n\n25. 在时效中止命令中，法院认定，自破产申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且以其他方式未能与受托人合作，均公然无视其作为 Bankruptcy Code 规定的债务人所承担的义务。(Tolling Order at p. 14.)。\n\n26. 债务人的家属及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭美）、以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产和滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”，即为明证。(Id. at p. 15.)。法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中，不遵守本法院命令的情形，非同寻常”(id.)，并且面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“一直不仅是合理勤勉的”。(id. at p. 17)。自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对抗程序。(See Main Docket, generally)。\n\n27. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（下称“第二份时效中止命令”），进一步将 Bankruptcy Code 第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查时的勤勉程度 (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3)。\n\n28. 2025年2月14日，法院作出《关于部分准许第三次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 4106]（下称“第三份时效中止命令”），进一步将 Bankruptcy Code 第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销之诉的期限延长至2025年8月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查时的勤勉程度 (Third Tolling Order at p. 3)。\n\n29. 受托人在调查及追究本起诉书所主张的请求方面已采取勤勉行动。\n\n30. 鉴于受托人在进行其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常的阻碍等情形，衡平考量强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何时效规定实行衡平时效中止。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n31. 在破产申请日之后，债务人通过包括 Rule of Law 在内的其空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（下称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n32. 在作出该等转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n33. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code 第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请提交后转让）\n\n34. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至33段所载指称，如同在此完整列明。\n\n35. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其替身空壳公司 Rule of Law 作出该等转让。\n\n36. 该等转让发生于破产申请日之后。\n\n37. 该等转让未经破产法院或 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\n38. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n39. 该等转让可依据 Bankruptcy Code 第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n40. 根据 Bankruptcy Code 第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并加计截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1．作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不低于 $200,000.00 的该项转让根据 Bankruptcy Code 第549条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该项转让；及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code 第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该项转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2．裁定受托人自提交本起诉书之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率获得判决前利息；及\n\n3．法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：August 12, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS（LUC A. DESPINS），第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（NEUBERT、PEPE & MONTEITH 专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 转让人 日期 金额\n\n1 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会 III 公司） 11/22/24 $ (60,000.00)\n2 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 12/19/24 $(80,000.00)\n3 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 2/19/25 $(60,000.00)\n合计－向 Yay Design Inc（Yay 设计公司）支付的款项 $ (200,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":3385,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:46:03"}