{"id":"court_ctb_4557_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4557,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other
FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25- [ ] | |\n| PING TANG, | Defendant. | :
:
:
: | August 12, 2025 | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
x | | |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFER AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Ping Tang (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover a transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through the Rule of Law Foundation III Inc, (\"ROLF\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$300,000.00 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because this postpetition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with an address of 1 West Street, Charlottetown, PE C1A 3S3, Canada.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including ROLF.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. ROLF is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this or substantially similar relief with respect to ROLF in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P. are: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311], and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including ROLF, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, ROLF.\n\n19. This postpetition transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfer authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfer Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n20. The Transfer at issue in this Complaint was made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as it was made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell company operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n21. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n22. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor was convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.\n\n*See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n23. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. This transfer was thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **E. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n24. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n25. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n26. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation\n\nhas been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n27. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n28. On February 14, 2025, the Court entered its *Order Granting in Part Third Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 4106] (the \"Third Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through August 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Third Tolling Order at p. 3).\n\n29. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n30. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **F. Transfer to Defendant**\n\n31. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, including\n\nROLF, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n32. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n33. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n34. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-33 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n35. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through ROLF.\n\n36. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n37. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n38. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n39. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n40. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$300,000.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: August 12, 2025 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Transferor | Date | Amount |\n|-------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|--------------------|\n| 1 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 10/7/24 | \\$
(300,000.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Ping Tang | | | \\$
(300,000.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附有说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多从以下方框中编号五（5）项，主诉因编号为1，第一备选诉因编号为2，第二备选诉因编号为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追偿金钱/财产\n□\n11-追偿金钱/财产 - §542 交付财产\n□\n12-追偿金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追偿金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追偿金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h) □\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后受偿\n81-债权或权益的劣后受偿\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n91-确认之诉\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送的请求或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉书中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交会在破产法院管辖下设立一项“破产财产”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如在破产法院提起该等诉讼，则称为对抗程序。\n\n除非当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序，提交对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即对抗程序封面页。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取 Form 1040 上的信息。）填写完毕后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规则所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉书均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉书中所列的原告和被告姓名填写。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉书中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUnited States Bankruptcy Court District of Connecticut Bridgeport Division（美国破产法院康涅狄格州地区布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n： 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（吕克·A·德斯潘斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n： 对抗程序编号 25- [ ]\nPING TANG（唐平）， 被告。 ：\n：\n：\n： August 12, 2025\n\nx\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销并追回申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉书\n\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘斯）以获任管理 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Ping Tang（唐平）（“被告”）提起本对抗程序起诉书（“起诉书”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（博钦律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产的受托人（仅供通知和通信之用）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第11章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人第11章破产财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请提交日之后，债务人通过 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会III公司，“ROLF”）向作为初始受让人的被告转移了合计 $300,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该破产财产申请提交后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）Docket No. 523]，受托人为第11章案件中的第11章受托人。\n\n8. 被告系个人，其地址为 1 West Street, Charlottetown, PE C1A 3S3, Canada。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请提交日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请，从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未指定审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多自我替身空壳公司持有和/或转移的债务人财产，包括 ROLF。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产及负债清单，第1页 [主案 Docket No. 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. ROLF 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多自我替身空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，使用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任以来，受托人在第11章案件中提起了多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司是其自我替身和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干该等对抗程序中，破产法院已准许该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd（德斯潘斯诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司））等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中，就 ROLF 寻求本项或实质上类似的救济。受托人援引并纳入其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉书（综合对抗程序，Docket No. 1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲家庭成员和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭梅）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约尔控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球创投有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体和/或在空壳实体之间无偿转移，并且（iii）债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳操作和欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 ROLF，均成为第11章破产财产的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然藐视破产法院及其在《破产法典》项下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 ROLF。\n\n19. 该申请破产后的转移未经破产法院授权，且该等转移亦未获《破产法典》授权。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而进行的转移\n\n20. 本起诉状所涉转移系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，原因在于该转移是通过债务人作为其空壳操作一部分而经营的另我空壳公司作出的。\n\n21. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产，同时向其众多债权人虚假声称其一贫如洗。债务人声称自己穷困潦倒，却同时大肆支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n22. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理的一宗刑事案件中，被判定犯有多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名项。\n\n见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n23. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其诸多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该转移必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\n\nE. 撤销请求的时效中止\n\n24. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将受托人提起撤销之诉的《破产法典》第108、546及549条所规定的期限延长至2024年8月15日（含当日）。\n\n25. 在时效中止命令中，法院认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未能与受托人合作，所有这些均公然藐视其作为《破产法典》项下债务人的义务。(Tolling Order at p. 14.)\n\n26. 债务人的家庭成员以及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出的“至少八项命令”即为证明；该等命令认定“……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭梅）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”。(Id. at p. 15.) 法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中，不遵守本法院命令的情形是非同寻常的”(id.)，并且面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。(id. at p. 17.) 自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对立程序。(See Main Docket, generally.)\n\n27. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将受托人提起撤销之诉的《破产法典》第108、546及549条所规定的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查所持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查时的勤勉。(Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3.)\n\n28. 2025年2月14日，法院作出《部分准许第三次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 4106]（以下简称“第三次时效中止命令”），进一步将受托人提起撤销之诉的《破产法典》第108、546及549条所规定的期限延长至2025年8月15日，并指出受托人调查所持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查时的勤勉。(Third Tolling Order at p. 3.)\n\n29. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状所主张的请求方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n30. 鉴于包括受托人在进行其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的诸项情况，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何诉讼时效实行衡平时效中止。\n\nF. 向被告进行的转移\n\n31. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司，包括 ROLF，或以其他方式，向被告转移了破产财产的财产（以下统称“该转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n32. 在该转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n33. 被告是该转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（依据《破产法典》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转移）\n\n34. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至33段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n35. 该转移由债务人向被告作出，包括通过 ROLF 作出。\n\n36. 该转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n37. 该转移未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n38. 该转移构成对债务人第11章破产财产的财产进行的未经授权的转移。\n\n39. 该转移可依据《破产法典》第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n40. 依据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转移或其价值，并取得自该转移之日起至支付日的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n请求救济\n\n据此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$300,000.00 的该转移依据《破产法典》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该转移；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，由被告向受托人返还该转移，或由受托人选择返还其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院可在具体情形下认为公正、适当或合乎衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：August 12, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯律师事务所，职业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 转让人 日期 金额\n\n1 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会 III 公司） 10/7/24 \\$\n(300,000.00)\n\n支付给 Ping Tang（唐平）的款项合计 \\$\n(300,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":3330,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:52:15"}