{"id":"court_sdny_2616_0","court":"SDNY","case_no":"","doc_number":2616,"sub_number":null,"doc_type":"DOC","filed_date":null,"title":"SDNY ECF 2616","summary_zh":"破产受托人对抗诉讼起诉状(Adversary Proceeding Complaint)——美国破产法院(康涅狄格州地区)受理的 Ho Wan Kwok(郭文贵/Guo Wengui/Miles Guo)Chapter 11 破产清算案,档案编号 #2616。破产受托人 Luc A. Despins 对一名被告提起诉讼,主张其收到的破产申请前转付款项(不低于 $2,662,274.25)构成可撤销的欺诈性转让,另主张申请后转付款项(不低于 $2,697,752.60)应予撤销并追回;载明转让明细的附表A、B已封存,被告身份在本节选中未披露。","summary_en":"Adversary proceeding complaint — filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court (District of Connecticut) Chapter 11 case of debtor Ho Wan Kwok (Guo Wengui / Miles Guo), docket item #2616. Chapter 11 Trustee Luc A. Despins sues an unnamed defendant, alleging that prepetition transfers of not less than $2,662,274.25 are avoidable fraudulent transfers and that postpetition transfers of not less than $2,697,752.60 are avoidable and recoverable; Schedules A and B detailing the transfers are filed under seal and the defendant's identity is not disclosed in this excerpt.","body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
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11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
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12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
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13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
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14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
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61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
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63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
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64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
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65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
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31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
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71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
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41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
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66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
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01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
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SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v.
STUDIO CATALDI GROUP SRL, | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
:
:
:
Defendant.
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
February 9, 2024 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS, AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Studio Cataldi Group SRL (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), G Fashion (\"G Fashion\") and GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$2,662,274.25 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY, transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$2,697,752.60 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a company incorporated in Italy with an address at Via del Lazzeretto, 94-94A/B-96-98, Prato, Italy 59100.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 Default has entered against HCHK Technologies Inc.in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Technologies is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Fashion and GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Fashion and GFNY were the alter\n\nDebtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\negos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in post-\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\njudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and GFNY.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alterego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **F. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and/or GFNY, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and/or GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n38. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n39. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n40. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and/or GFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n41. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n43. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, HCHK Technologies, G Fashion and/or GFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n44. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n45. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n46. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n47. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n48. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n49. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n50. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n51. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n52. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$2,662,274.25 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that (a) the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$2,662,274.25 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$2,697,752.60 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 9, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n## **SCHEDULE B**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）(12/15)\n对抗性诉讼封面\n（背面有说明）\n对抗性诉讼编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n\n诉由\n（简要陈述诉由，包括涉及的所有美国成文法）\n\n诉讼性质\n（在最多五 (5) 个框中按诉由主次标号，主诉由标为 1，第一备选诉由标为 2，第二备选诉由标为 3，以此类推）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□ 11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产交出\n□ 12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□ 13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、顺位或范围\n□ 21-留置权或财产其他权益的有效性、顺位或范围\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（接上栏）\n□ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养费\n□ 68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意与恶意伤害\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□ 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务（家庭抚养费除外）\n□ 65-可免责性 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□ 31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h)\n\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□ 71-禁令救济 – 施加中止令\n□ 72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责\n□ 41-异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)\n\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□ 81-债权或权益劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□ 51-撤销确认\n\nFRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n□ 91-宣告性判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□ 66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□ 62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假托辞、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n□ 67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵吞公款、盗窃\n（接下栏）\n\nFRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼之裁决\n□ 01-移送之索赔或诉由之裁决\n\n其他\n□ SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa 等\n□ 02-其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n\n□ 若本案涉及州法实质性问题请勾选\n□ 若主张依 FRCP 23 提起集体诉讼请勾选\n□ 若在起诉状中要求陪审团审判请勾选\n\n寻求的其他救济\n请求金额 $\n\nB1040（表格 1040）(12/15)\n引起本对抗性诉讼的破产案件\n债务人姓名 破产案号\n案件审理中所在地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n\n关联对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性诉讼编号\n对抗性诉讼审理中所在地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）印刷体正楷姓名\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的立案会在破产法院的管辖下产生一个“破产财产整体”（estate），其中包括债务人位于任何地方的所有财产。由于破产财产范围极为广泛且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会产生涉及破产财产本身或财产权利的诉讼。也可能会产生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如果在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则称为对抗性诉讼（adversary proceeding）。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的一方当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040（即对抗性诉讼封面），除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案卷系统（CM/ECF，Case Management/Electronic Case Filing）以电子方式提交该对抗性诉讼。（CM/ECF 在立案过程中会采集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完毕后，该封面汇总了对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息来处理对抗性诉讼并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n本封面及其包含的信息不能替代或补充法律、破产规则或法院本地规则所要求的诉讼文书或其他文件的提交与送达。该封面基本上一目了然，必须由原告律师填写（如果原告未委托律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份起诉状，都必须向书记官提交一份单独的封面。\n\n原告与被告。准确填写与起诉状上完全一致的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。提供律师的姓名和地址（如已知）。\n\n当事人。在第一栏勾选最适合原告的方框，在第二栏勾选最适合被告的方框。\n\n请求金额。输入起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的框内签名。如果原告由律所代理，则必须由该律所的一名成员签名。如果原告是亲身诉讼（pro se，即无律师代理），则必须由原告本人签名。\n\nUnited States Bankruptcy Court District of Connecticut Bridgeport Division（美国康涅狄格区联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n关于：\nChapter 11（第 11 章）\n\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵）等，\n案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n（合并审理）\n\nLuc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人，\n原告，\nv.\nStudio Cataldi Group SRL，\n被告。\nx\n对抗性诉讼编号 [ ]\n2024年2月9日\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条寻求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请后转让并寻求相关救济之起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以在 Ho Wan Kwok（债务人或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提出本\n\n1 本第 11 章破产案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及诸多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所）, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 转交 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产受托人 Luc A. Despins（仅用于接收通知和联络之目的）。\n\n针对被告 Studio Cataldi Group SRL（“被告”）提起对抗诉讼诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本起对抗诉讼，旨在撤销并追回：(a) 本第 11 章案件开始之前转让的债务人财产；以及 (b) 本第 11 章案件开始之后转让的、且未经破产法院或根据《美国法典》第 11 编（“《破产法典》”）授权的债务人第 11 章破产财产。\n\n2. 债务人通过其人格混同的空壳公司 HCHK Technologies Inc.（“HCHK Technologies”）、G Fashion（“G Fashion”）和 GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”），在申请日（定义见本文）之前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $2,662,274.25 的资金。\n\n3. 这些转让属于实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人实施这些转让是其“皮包骗局”的一部分，且其做出这些转让时怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。\n\n4. 申请日之后，债务人通过其人格混同的空壳公司 GFNY，向作为初始受让人的被告累计转让了金额为 $2,697,752.60 的资金。\n\n5. 由于这些在申请后转让的破产财产未经法院或根据《破产法典》授权，根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条，该等转让应予撤销并追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n6. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，本法院对本对抗诉讼享有标的管辖权。\n\n7. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对抗诉讼已移送至本法院。\n\n8. 本文所寻求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条 2，或任何其他适用的等效州法律。\n当事人\n\n9. 根据破产法院于 2022 年 7 月 8 日作出的裁定 [案号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷号 523]，受托人系本第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n\n10. 被告是一家在意大利注册成立的公司，地址位于 Via del Lazzeretto, 94-94A/B-96-98, Prato, Italy 59100。\n事实背景\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n2 凡提及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的法律条文，下文均简称为“《纽约州债务人与债权人法》”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），于 2020 年 4 月 4 日生效，适用于 2020 年 4 月 4 日或之后做出的转让或发生的债务。关于 2020 年 4 月 4 日之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、273a、275、276 和 278 条寻求救济。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022 年 2 月 15 日（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交了依据《破产法典》第 11 章的救济申请，从而启动了本第 11 章案件。\n\n12. 2022 年 3 月 21 日，United States Trustee（美国联邦受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未指定调查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 2022 年 3 月向破产法院提交的破产财产申报表声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的负债。3 尽管债务人确实深陷债务，但其财产申报表未能披露债务人通过其众多人格混同的空壳公司（包括 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和 GFNY）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 2022 年 6 月 15 日，法院作出一项裁决备忘录及裁定 [主案案卷号 465]，责令美国联邦受托人指定一名本第 11 章案件的第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国联邦受托人选任 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。2022 年 7 月 8 日，法院作出裁定，批准指定 Luc A. Despins 为本第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案案卷号 523]。\nB. 债务人利用空壳公司及受托人的对抗诉讼\n\n15. HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和 GFNY 属于债务人用来阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多人格混同的空壳公司之列。4 多年来，\n\n3 《资产与负债申报表》，第 1 页 [主案案卷号 78]。\n\n4 在对抗诉讼案 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（对抗诉讼案号 23-5013（“HCHK 实体对抗诉讼”），案卷号 139）中，已对 HCHK Technologies Inc. 做出缺席认定，该对抗诉讼特别要求做出确认 HCHK Technologies 为债务人人格混同实体的确认判决。受托人特此将受托人在 HCHK 实体对抗诉讼中提交的诉状（对抗诉讼案号 23-5013，案卷号 1）引为本文参考。\n\n受托人已经或即将对 G Fashion 和 GFNY 提起对抗诉讼，该对抗诉讼特别要求做出确认 G Fashion 和 GFNY 是债务人人格混同\n\n债务人精心策划了一场“皮包骗局”，利用由家族成员、心腹和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场皮包骗局使债务人能够使用、挥霍和/或转让数以百万美元计的现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自获任命以来，受托人已在本第 11 章案件中提起了多起对抗诉讼，其中包括为了确立债务人的空壳公司是其人格混同实体，和/或该等公司及其资产归债务人衡平法所有，并且破产法院已在其中数起诉讼中支持了该等救济请求。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的基本事实模式始终涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有但受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的和/或无对价转让至空壳实体及在各空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益并对其实施控制和支配。\nC. 债务人阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗诉讼中处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（并通过其成为 Dawn State Limited）的实际受益所有人，且债务人控制并雇佣了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王雁平）。6\n\n实体的确认判决。受托人特此将受托人在该对抗诉讼中提交的诉状引为本文参考。\n\n5 这些包括以下对抗诉讼：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [对抗诉讼案号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [对抗诉讼案号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗诉讼案号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号 23-05023]。\n\n6 《关于裁定债务人违反公司治理命令构成藐视法庭的动议的准许令》，第 1、4 段（2023 年 1 月 24 日，案卷号 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭命令”））。\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G 系列实体”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金），以及其他据称独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制 7、由债务人领导 8，和/或服务于债务人的“目的……并作为其商业载体”。9\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（一家在转让给债务人女儿之前最初由债务人的一名厨师持有的实体）“实质上是债务人的空壳公司”。10\n\n21. 债务人想方设法阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太盟亚洲机会基金，下称“PAX”）的追索追偿工作。2017 年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约州法院”）起诉债务人，案号为 Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX 案”），请求就所欠款项做出判决。2021 年 2 月 3 日，PAX 获得了纽约州法院针对债务人作出的金额为 $116,402,019.57 的判决（“PAX 判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅号游艇，债务人虚假声称其归其女儿所有）以及债务人位于曼哈顿的豪华公寓（债务人虚假声称系为其儿子设立的信托所持有）。债务人在判决后程序中拒不服从纽约州法院的命令，\n\n7 《关于部分准许初步禁令动议的修正决定备忘录》，第 3 段（对抗诉讼案号 22-05032，2023 年 1 月 13 日（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group 及其关联实体‘GTV’”）。\n\n8 同上，第 7 段（“债务人是爆料革命、NFSC、ROLF 及喜马拉雅的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“爆料革命、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 以及喜马拉雅均服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业载体，且其成员效忠于债务人个人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n最终导致债务人被处以 1.34 亿美元的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n22. 债务人还将包括 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和 GFNY 在内的人格混同实体作为其个人“存钱罐”，用于资助其本人及家人已习以为常的奢靡生活方式，同时在这些混同实体中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人追偿债权。债务人通过这些混同实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人曾向破产法院作证称，其没有足够的资产偿还债务，其奢华的生活方式是由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业资助的。11 债务人申报的资产仅有 $3,850。12\n\n24. 2023 年 3 月，债务人被逮捕，目前仍在押候审，罪名包括电汇欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱等联邦刑事指控。\n\n25. 在对债务人的刑事起诉书中，美国联邦政府指控债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少 80 个不同实体或个人名义开立的约 500 多个账户，清洗了超过 10 亿美元的欺诈所得。”13\n\n11 关于债务人请求作出 (I) 授权债务人获得无担保、次级申请后融资以及 (II) 安排临时和最终听证会，以及 (III) 准予相关救济的临时和最终 DIP 裁定的动议的听证会（主案，2022 年 4 月 27 日）\n\n12 见注 3\n\n13 参见《美利坚合众国关于反对被告 Yanping Wang（王雁平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录》第 29 页，作为附件 B 附于《第 11 章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC 关于受托人强制作出答复及相关救济请求之补充异议的答复》（2023年6月23日，主案卷宗号 1934）。\n\n26. 债务人的人格混同实体（包括 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 及 GFNY）的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均属债务人的财产。\n\n27. 在本诉状涉及的所有相关时间内，债务人均在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指示本诉状所涉申请前转让。\n\nD. 债务人的诈术骗局与欺诈行为在申请后仍在继续\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其人格混同实体（包括 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 及 GFNY）持有的全部财产，均成为第 11 章破产财产。参见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法典》项下的义务，继续通过其众多人格混同壳公司（包括但不限于 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 及 GFNY）实施转让。\n\n30. 此类申请后转让均未获得破产法院的批准，亦未获得《破产法典》的授权。\n\nE. 为妨碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而进行的转让\n\n31. 本诉状所涉转让系出于妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人之目的而进行，因为该等转让全部系通过作为债务人诈术骗局之一部分运作的债务人人格混同壳公司实施。\n\n32. 债务人蓄意以这种方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假哭穷的同时，隐匿并挥霍数以百万美元计的资产。债务人声称自己身无分文，同时却大肆挥霍，为自己、家人及亲信维持亿万富翁般的生活方式。\n\n33. 被债务人隐匿并挥霍的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害者处骗取的资金。由于上述行为，债务人在 U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理的一起刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索指控。参见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵），案号 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215]（2024年1月3日，纽约南区）。\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此种方式隐匿和挥霍其资产，将导致没有足够的剩余资产来偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害者。因此，该等转让必然是出于妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人之目的而进行的。\n\nF. 向被告进行的转让\n\n35. 申请日之前，债务人利用其人格混同壳公司 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和/或 GFNY 或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让予被告（统称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下内容：\n\n见随附并构成本文一部分的附表 A。\n\n36. 申请日之后，债务人通过其壳公司 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和/或 GFNY 或以其他方式，将破产财产转让予被告（统称“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下内容：\n\n见随附并构成本文一部分的附表 B。\n\n37. 在进行申请前转让及申请后转让（统称“转让”）时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有尚未清偿的债务。\n\n38. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项诉讼请求\n（根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条及第 550(a) 条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n39. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 段至第 38 段所载指控，如同在此已予详述。\n\n40. 申请前转让系债务人通过其人格混同实体 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和/或 GFNY 所作出，且具有妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际故意。\n\n41. 债务人在实施申请前转让时具有妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的故意，具体表现在（除其他事项外）：\n\na. 申请前转让系利用人格混同壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转让系作为债务人“诈术骗局”的一部分实施，并在债务人家属及其控制的其他心腹与下属的协助下进行，旨在隐匿和庇护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获益而无需将其财产置于债权人的追索范围之内，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中牟利而无需将其财产置于债权人的追索范围之内，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n42. 申请前转让可由受托人根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条予以撤销，并可根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n第二项诉讼请求\n（根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条以及《破产法典》第 544(b) 及 550(a) 条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n43. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 段至第 38 段所载指控，如同在此已予详述。\n\n43. 申请前转让系债务人通过其人格混同实体 HCHK Technologies、G Fashion 和/或 GFNY 所作出，且具有妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际故意。\n\n44. 债务人在实施申请前转让时具有妨碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的故意，具体表现在（除其他事项外）：\n\na. 申请前转让系利用人格混同壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转让系作为债务人“诈术骗局”的一部分实施，并在债务人家属及其控制的其他心腹与下属的协助下进行，旨在隐匿和庇护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获益而无需将其财产置于债权人的追索范围之内，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中牟利而无需将其财产置于债权人的追索范围之内，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n45. 申请前转让可由受托人根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273(a)(1)、274 及 276 条以及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条予以撤销，并可根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n第三项诉讼请求\n（根据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550(a) 条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让的请求）\n\n46. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 段至第 38 段所载指控，如同在此已予详述。\n\n47. 申请后转让系由债务人（包括通过其人格混同壳公司 GFNY）向被告作出。\n\n48. 申请后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n49. 申请后转让未经破产法院批准，亦未经《破产法典》授权。\n\n50. 申请后转让构成了对债务人第 11 章破产财产的未经授权的转让。\n\n51. 申请后转让可根据《破产法典》第 549(a) 条予以撤销。\n\n52. 根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权从被告处追回申请后转让或其价值，外加截至付款之日的利息以及本案诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白。]\n\n判决请求\n\n为此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项诉讼请求：(a) 作出命令宣布根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条撤销金额不少于 $2,662,274.25 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令指示撤销该等申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，由受托人选择从被告处追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财产受益；\n\n2. 就第二项诉讼请求：(a) 作出命令宣布根据《破产法典》第 544(b) 条及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273(a)(2)、274 及 276 条撤销金额不少于 $2,662,274.25 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令指示撤销该等申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 276 条及《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，由受托人选择从被告处追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财产受益；\n\n3. 就第三项诉讼请求：作出命令 (a) 宣布根据《破产法典》第 549 条撤销金额不少于 $2,697,752.60 的申请后转让；(b) 指示撤销该等申请后转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，由受托人选择从被告处追回申请后转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财产受益；\n\n4. 判给受托人自本诉状提交之日起至作出判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院认为在此情形下公正、适当或公平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：2024年2月9日\n康涅狄格州纽黑文\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n封存提交\n\n附表 B\n\n封存提交","key_entities":[],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":4590,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 08:00:24"}