{"id":"court_sdny_2664_0","court":"SDNY","case_no":"","doc_number":2664,"sub_number":null,"doc_type":"DOC","filed_date":null,"title":"SDNY ECF 2664","summary_zh":"破产受托人对抗诉讼起诉状(Adversary Proceeding Complaint)——美国破产法院(康涅狄格州地区)受理的 Ho Wan Kwok(郭文贵/Guo Wengui/Miles Guo)Chapter 11 破产清算案,档案编号 #2664。破产受托人 Luc A. Despins 起诉 B&H Photo Video Pro Audio LLC,主张其收到的破产申请前转付款项(不低于 $245,687.75)构成可撤销的欺诈性转让,申请后转付款项(不低于 $656,126.43)应予撤销并追回;同时要求从数名个人(含Ngok、Han、Enriquez及Hadjicharalambous)名下追回其各自获得的受益转让款项。","summary_en":"Adversary proceeding complaint — filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court (District of Connecticut) Chapter 11 case of debtor Ho Wan Kwok (Guo Wengui / Miles Guo), docket item #2664. Chapter 11 Trustee Luc A. Despins sues B&H Photo Video Pro Audio LLC, alleging that prepetition transfers of not less than $245,687.75 are avoidable fraudulent transfers and that postpetition transfers of not less than $656,126.43 are avoidable and recoverable, and separately seeks recovery of beneficial transfers from several individual defendants, including Ngok, Han, Enriquez, and Hadjicharalambous.","body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| | B&H Photo Video Pro Audio LLC | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and
postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,548,549, and
550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
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66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
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01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| /s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n| DATE
February 10, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| B & H FOTO & ELECTRONICS CORP.,
HING CHI NGOK, ALEX
HADJICHARALAMBOUS,
BERNARDO ENRIQUEZ, and
CHUNGUANG HAN | :
:
:
:
: | February 10, 2024
x |\n| | Defendants. | |\n\n## ----------------------------------------------------------- **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant B & H Foto & Electronics Corp. (\"B&H\") and Hing Chi Ngok (\"Ngok\"), Alex Hadjicharalambous (\"Hadjicharalambous\"), Bernardo Enriquez (\"Enriquez\"), and Chunguang Han (\"Han\") (collectively the \"Beneficiary Defendants\" and jointly with B&H, the \"Defendants\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Greenwich Land, LLC (\"Greenwich Land\"), Golden Spring (New York) Limited (\"Golden Spring\"), Lexington Property and Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington Property\"), G Club Operations LLC (\"G Club Operations\"), and HCHK Technologies Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$245,687.75 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to B&H, as the initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc. (\"Rule of Law\") and HCHK Technologies, transferred funds in the amount of \\$656,126.43 to B&H as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. B&H is a New York corporation with an address at 420 9th Avenue, New York, NY 10001.\n\n11. Ngok is an individual residing at 373 Taconic Road, Greenwich, Connecticut 06831.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n12. Hadjicharalambous is an individual residing at 2318 28th Street, Astoria, New York 11105.\n\n13. Enriquez is an individual residing at 5830 Penrod Street # 1, Corona, New York 11368.\n\n14. Han is an individual residing at 920 Belmont Ave Apt 3104, North Haledon, New Jersey 07508.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n15. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n16. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n17. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington, G Club Operations, Rule of Law and HCHK Technologies.\n\n18. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nChapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n#### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n19. Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington, G Club Operations, and HCHK Technologies are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n20. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell\n\n4 There is a pending motion for summary judgment to determine that Greenwich Land is the alter ego of the Debtor in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005 (the \"Greenwich Land A.P.\"), Docket No. 78). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Greenwich Land A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Greenwich Land A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5018, Docket No. 1).\n\nA default has entered against HCHK Technologies and Lexington in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Technologies and Lexington Property were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Club Operations and Rule of Law, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Club Operations and Rule of Law were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\ncompanies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n21. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n22. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n23. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n24. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n25. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n26. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington, G Club Operations, Rule of Law and HCHK Technologies, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n27. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members. 11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n28. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n29. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n30. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington Property, G Club Operations, Rule of Law and HCHK Technologies was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n31. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n32. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington Property, G Club Operations, and HCHK Technologies, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n33. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, Lexington Property, Rule of Law and HCHK Technologies.\n\n34. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n35. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n36. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n9\n\n37. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n38. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n39. Among the practices of the Debtor's shell game was the issuance of debit cards funded by the Debtor's assets owned through his alter egos (the \"Debit Cards\"). The Debit Cards were issued to the Beneficiary Defendants, as well as other members of the Debtor's immediate family, the Debtor's personal employees, and the Debtor's subordinates who assisted in the conduct of his financial affairs (*e.g.*, Yanping Wang).\n\n40. All of the foregoing persons were either complicit or actively participated in the Debtor's shell game, including by serving as nominal owners and/or holding other positions in the Debtor's alter ego shell companies.\n\n41. The Debtor permitted the Beneficiary Defendants to use the Debit Cards to enrich themselves and to dissipate property held through the Debtor's shell companies.\n\n42. The transfers to B&H which are at issue in this case were in part effectuated through the use of these Debit Cards by the Beneficiary Defendants (the \"Beneficial Transfers\").\n\n### **F. Transfers to B&H**\n\n43. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies including Greenwich Land, Golden Spring, HCHK Technologies, G Club Operations, Rule of Law and Lexington Property, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to B&H (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n44. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Greenwich Land, Lexington, Golden Spring, G Club Operations, and HCHK Technologies, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to B&H (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n45. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively,\n\nthe \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n46. B&H was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against B&H to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Greenwich Land, HCHK Technologies, Golden Spring, G Club Operations, and Lexington, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n49. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n50. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n12\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against B&H to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n51. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n52. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, Greenwich Land, HCHK Technologies, Golden Spring, G Club Operations, and Lexington Property, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n53. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n54. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against B&H to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n55. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n56. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n57. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n58. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n59. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n60. The Prepetition Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against B&H to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n61. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n62. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n63. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n64. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n65. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n66. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **FIFTH CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against B&H to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n67. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n68. The Postpetition Transfers were made to B&H by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, Golden Spring, Rule of Law, and Greenwich Land.\n\n69. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n70. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n71. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n72. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n73. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from B&H plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **SIXTH CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against Beneficiary Defendants to Recover Transfers for the Benefit of the Beneficiary Defendants Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code section 550(a))**\n\n74. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n75. The Beneficiary Defendants were the parties for whose benefit the Beneficial Transfers were made, because such transfers enabled the Beneficiary Defendants to make purchases of goods or services from B&H using Debit Cards for their own personal benefit.\n\n76. Specifically, the Beneficiary Defendants received benefits in the amounts of \\$26,647.22 as to Ngok, \\$88,721.85 as to Han, \\$2,333.18 as to Enriquez, and \\$10,824.35 as to Hadjicharalambous, as a result of their B&H purchases.\n\n77. To the extent that the Beneficial Transfers are avoided, without waiver of the Trustee's claims to recover the value from B&H, the Beneficial Transfers are recoverable against the Beneficiary Defendants.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$245,687.75 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$245,687.75 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$245,687.75 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from B&H for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, an order declaring that (a) the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$245,687.75 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code\n\nand N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from B&H for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. On the Fifth Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$656,126.43 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from B&H for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n6. On the Sixth Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Beneficial Transfers are recoverable by the Trustee pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and (b) recovery of the Beneficial Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, in the amounts of \\$26,647.22 as to Ngok, \\$88,721.85 as to Han, \\$2,333.18 as to Enriquez, and \\$10,824.35 as to Hadjicharalambous, for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n7. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n8. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n### [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n### **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n# **SCHEDULE B**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n对抗程序封面表格\n（说明见背面）\n对抗程序案号（仅供法院使用）\n原告：\nLuc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）\n被告：\nB&H Photo Video Pro Audio LLC\n代理律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）：\nDouglas S. Skalka、Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n代理律师（如已知）\n当事人性质（仅勾选一项）：\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n当事人性质（仅勾选一项）：\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n\n诉由\n（简要陈述诉由，包括涉及的所有美国成文法）：\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》（Bankruptcy Code）第544、548、549和550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》（New York Debtor and Creditor Law）第273、274和276条，提起的旨在撤销和追回欺诈性转让及申请后转让并寻求相关救济的起诉状\n\n诉讼性质\n（在最多五 (5) 个框中按顺序编号，主要诉由标为 1，第一备选诉由标为 2，第二备选诉由标为 3，依此类推。）\n\n《联邦破产诉讼规则》（FRBP）第7001(1)条 – 追回款项/财产\n□ 11-追回款项/财产 - 第542条交出财产\n□ 12-追回款项/财产 - 第547条偏颇性转让\n□ 13-追回款项/财产 - 第548条欺诈性转让\n□ 14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 第7001(2)条 – 留置权的效力、顺位或范围\n□ 21-财产上的留置权或其他权益的效力、顺位或范围\nFRBP 第7001(6)条 – 可免责性（续）\n□ 61-可免责性 - 第523(a)(5)条，国内抚养责任\n□ 68-可免责性 - 第523(a)(6)条，故意与恶意伤害\n□ 63-可免责性 - 第523(a)(8)条，学生贷款\n□ 64-可免责性 - 第523(a)(15)条，离婚或分居义务（国内抚养责任除外）\n□ 65-可免责性 - 其他\n\nFRBP 第7001(3)条 – 批准出售财产\n□ 31-批准出售破产财产及共有人的财产 - 第363(h)条\nFRBP 第7001(7)条 – 禁令救济\n□ 71-禁令救济 – 施加中止令\n□ 72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 第7001(4)条 – 异议/撤销免责\n□ 41-异议/撤销免责 - 第727(c),(d),(e)条\nFRBP 第7001(8)条 – 债权或权益劣后\n□ 81-债权或权益劣后\n\nFRBP 第7001(5)条 – 撤销确认\n□ 51-撤销确认\nFRBP 第7001(9)条 – 宣告性判决\n□ 91-宣告性判决\n\nFRBP 第7001(6)条 – 可免责性\n□ 66-可免责性 - 第523(a)(1),(14),(14A)条优先税收债权\n□ 62-可免责性 - 第523(a)(2)条，虚假托词、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n□ 67-可免责性 - 第523(a)(4)条，作为受信人的欺诈、侵吞、盗用（续下栏）\nFRBP 第7001(10)条 – 移送诉讼之裁定\n□ 01-移送之债权或诉由之裁定\n其他\n□ SS-SIPA（证券投资者保护法）案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§ 78aaa 及以下\n□ 02-其他（例如：若与破产案无关则本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n\n□ 如本案涉及州法实质性问题请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据《联邦民事诉讼规则》（FRCP）第23条提起的集体诉讼请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判请勾选 请求金额 $\n所寻求的其他救济\n\nB1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n引发本对抗程序的破产案件\n债务人姓名：Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）\n破产案号：22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理所在地区：District of Connecticut（康涅狄格区）\n分院办公室：Bridgeport（布里奇波特）\n法官姓名：Julie A. Manning\n关联对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗程序案号\n对抗程序审理所在地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n代理律师（或原告）签名：\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期：2024年2月10日\n代理律师（或原告）正楷姓名：\nPatrick R. Linsey\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提起会在破产法院的管辖下设立一个“破产财产实体”，由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围极广且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会产生针对破产财产或财产权利的诉讼。也可能会产生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如果在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则被称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040（即对抗程序封面表格），除非该当事人通过法院的 Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system（案件管理/电子案卷系统，简称 CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在立案过程中会采集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，封面表格会概括对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息来处理对抗程序并编制有关法院活动的法定统计报告。\n\n封面表格及其包含的信息不能替代或补充法律、《破产诉讼规则》或法院本地规则所要求的诉状或其他文书的提交与送达。封面表格的内容基本一目了然，必须由原告的代理律师填写（如果原告没有委托代理律师，则由原告本人填写）。每提交一份起诉状，都必须向书记官提交一份单独的封面表格。\n\n原告与被告。请准确按照起诉状上显示的名称填写原告和被告的姓名/名称。\n\n代理律师。如有已知信息，请填写代理律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人性质。在第一栏中为原告勾选最合适的一项，在第二栏中为被告勾选最合适的一项。\n\n请求金额。输入起诉状中请求判令的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如果原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律所的一名成员签署。如果原告是自行辩护（pro se），即没有律师代理，则原告必须亲自签署。\n\n美利坚合众国康涅狄格区破产法院布里奇波特分院（UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION）\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n关于： :\n: 第11章\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等， :\n: 案号：22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n: （合并审理）\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人， :\n:\n原告， :\nv. : 对抗诉讼编号：[ ]\nB & H FOTO & ELECTRONICS CORP.、 :\nHING CHI NGOK、ALEX HADJICHARALAMBOUS、 :\nBERNARDO ENRIQUEZ 及 :\nCHUNGUANG HAN， : 2024年2月10日\n: x\n被告。 :\n----------------------------------------------------------- 第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第544条、第548条、第549条及第550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273条、第274条及第276条请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让与申请后转让及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）中被指定的第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，提出本\n\n1 这些第11章案件中的债务人包括 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称郭文贵、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多化名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所）, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 转交 Luc A. Despins，以 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产受托人身份（仅用于接收通知和联络）。\n\n对抗诉讼诉状（以下简称“诉状”），起诉被告 B & H Foto & Electronics Corp.（以下简称“B&H”）以及 Hing Chi Ngok（以下简称“Ngok”）、Alex Hadjicharalambous（以下简称“Hadjicharalambous”）、Bernardo Enriquez（以下简称“Enriquez”）和 Chunguang Han（以下简称“Han”）（统称“受益人被告”，并与 B&H 共同称为“各被告”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗诉讼，旨在撤销并追回：(a) 在本第11章案件启动前对债务人财产的转让；以及 (b) 在本第11章案件启动后，未经破产法院或《美利坚合众国法典》第11篇（以下简称“《破产法典》”）授权而对债务人第11章破产财产的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其分身（alter ego）空壳公司 Greenwich Land, LLC（以下简称“Greenwich Land”）、Golden Spring (New York) Limited（以下简称“Golden Spring”）、Lexington Property and Staffing Inc.（以下简称“Lexington Property”）、G Club Operations LLC（以下简称“G Club Operations”）及 HCHK Technologies Inc.（以下简称“HCHK Technologies”），在申请日（定义见本文）之前向作为初始受让人的 B&H 转让了金额为 $245,687.75 的资金。\n\n3. 这些转让属于实际欺诈，因为债务人实施这些转让是其“皮包把戏”（shell game）的一部分，且其做出这些转让时怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。或者，这些转让构成推定欺诈，因为它们是在债务人无力偿债时做出的，且债务人未收到作为对价的合理等值价值。\n\n4. 申请日之后，债务人通过其分身空壳公司 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc.（法治基金会，以下简称“Rule of Law”）及 HCHK Technologies，向作为初始受让人的 B&H 转让了金额为 $656,126.43 的资金。\n\n5. 由于这些破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，因此根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条，它们应予以撤销并追回。\n\n管辖权与审理地\n\n6. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，本法院对本对抗诉讼具有标的管辖权。\n\n7. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对抗诉讼已移送至本法院。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的成文法依据包括《破产法典》第544条、第548条、第549条和第550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273条、第274条和第276条2或任何其他适用的同等州法。\n\n当事人\n\n9. 根据破产法院于2022年7月8日作出的裁定[案号：22-50073（以下简称“主案”）案卷编号 523]，受托人为本第11章案件中的第11章受托人。\n\n10. B&H 是一家纽约州公司，地址位于 420 9th Avenue, New York, NY 10001。\n\n11. Ngok 是一名自然人，居住于 373 Taconic Road, Greenwich, Connecticut 06831。\n\n2 以后凡提及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的成文法条款均简称为“《纽约州债务人与债权人法》”（N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law）。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（NYUVT）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性财产转让法》（NYUFC），于2020年4月4日生效，适用于2020年4月4日或之后发生的转让或产生的债务。关于2020年4月4日之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273条、第273a条、第275条、第276条和第278条寻求救济。\n\n12. Hadjicharalambous 是一名自然人，居住于 2318 28th Street, Astoria, New York 11105。\n\n13. Enriquez 是一名自然人，居住于 5830 Penrod Street # 1, Corona, New York 11368。\n\n14. Han 是一名自然人，居住于 920 Belmont Ave Apt 3104, North Haledon, New Jersey 07508。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n15. 债务人于2022年2月15日（以下简称“申请日”）向康涅狄格区美国破产法院（以下简称“破产法院”）提交了依据《破产法典》第11章寻求救济的自愿破产申请，从而启动了本第11章案件。\n\n16. 2022年3月21日，美国受托人办公室（Office of the United States Trustee）在本第11章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未指定破产调查员。\n\n17. 债务人于2022年3月向破产法院提交的破产财产清单中声称其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并承担了数亿美元的债务。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未能披露通过其众多分身空壳公司（包括 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington、G Club Operations、Rule of Law 及 HCHK Technologies）持有和/或转让的债务人财产。\n\n18. 2022年6月15日，法院作出了一项判决理由备忘录和裁定[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在本\n\n3 《资产与负债清单》，第1页[主案案卷编号 78]。\n\n第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。2022年7月8日，法院作出一项裁定，批准指定 Luc A. Despins 为本第11章案件的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗诉讼\n\n19. Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington、G Club Operations 及 HCHK Technologies 属于债务人用来阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多分身空壳公司。4 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“皮包把戏”，利用由家族成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这种皮包把戏使债务人能够使用、花费和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产——同时对债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n20. 自被指定以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起了多起对抗诉讼，其中包括为了确立债务人的空壳\n\n4 在对抗诉讼案 Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC（对抗诉讼案号：23-5005（以下简称“Greenwich Land 对抗诉讼”），案卷编号 78）中，有一项悬而未决的简易判决动议，要求判定 Greenwich Land 是债务人的分身。受托人特此援引受托人在 Greenwich Land 对抗诉讼中提交的诉状（对抗诉讼案号：23-5005，案卷编号 1）作为参考。\n\n法院已作出判决，确认 Golden Spring 是债务人的分身。参见 Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC（对抗诉讼案号：23-5018（以下简称“Golden Spring 对抗诉讼”），案卷编号 35）。受托人特此援引受托人在 Greenwich Land 对抗诉讼中提交的诉状（对抗诉讼案号：23-5018，案卷编号 1）作为参考。\n\n在对抗诉讼案 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（对抗诉讼案号：23-5013（以下简称“HCHK Entities 对抗诉讼”），案卷编号 139）中，已对 HCHK Technologies 和 Lexington 作出缺席判决，该对抗诉讼要求（其中包括）作出确认性判决，认定 HCHK Technologies 和 Lexington Property 是债务人的分身。受托人特此援引受托人在 HCHK Entities 对抗诉讼中提交的诉状（对抗诉讼案号：23-5013，案卷编号 1）作为参考。\n\n受托人已经或即将对 G Club Operations 和 Rule of Law 提起对抗诉讼，该对抗诉讼要求（其中包括）作出确认性判决，认定 G Club Operations 和 Rule of Law 是债务人的分身。受托人特此援引受托人在该对抗诉讼中提交的诉状作为参考。\n\n公司是其分身，和/或此类公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有，而在其中若干诉讼中破产法院已经给予了此类救济。5\n\n21. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或在无对价的情况下向空壳实体以及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从这些资产中受益并对其实施控制与支配。\n\nC. 债务人阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人的行为\n\n22. 除了受托人对抗诉讼中涉及的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（以及通过该公司持有的 Dawn State Limited）的实际所有人（beneficial owner），且债务人控制并雇用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王雁平）。6\n\n23. 破产法院还认定，“G系列实体”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他声称独立的实体和组织，均受\n\n5 其中包括以下对抗诉讼：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号：22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号：23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [对抗诉讼案号：23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [对抗诉讼案号：23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号：23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗诉讼案号：23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [对抗诉讼案号：23-05023]。\n\n6 《准予判定债务人违反公司治理裁定的民事藐视法庭动议的裁定》，¶¶ 1, 4（2023年1月24日，案卷编号 1372（以下简称“《公司治理藐视裁定》”）。\n\n债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或作为债务人的“目的……及商业工具”运作。9\n\n24. 在申请日（Petition Date）之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman（利曼）法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东利有限公司，一家在转让给债务人女儿之前原由债务人的一名厨师所有的实体）“实质上是债务人的空壳公司”。10\n\n25. 债务人竭力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙，简称“PAX”）的追讨追索工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院，简称“纽约法院”）起诉债务人，案号为 Index No. 652077/2017（简称“PAX 案”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院获得了针对债务人的金额为 $116,402,019.57 的判决书（简称“PAX 判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅号游艇，债务人曾虚假声称其归其女儿所有）以及债务人位于曼哈顿的豪华公寓（债务人曾虚假声称是为其儿子设立的信托财产）。债务人在判决后程序中对纽约法院命令的蔑视，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 《关于部分准予初步禁令动议的更正决定备忘录》（Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction），第3段（Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032，2023年1月13日（“债务人还控制着 Saraca Media Group 及其关联实体‘GTV’”）。\n\n8 同上，第7段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC（新中国联邦）、ROLF（法治基金）和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“爆料革命、新中国联邦、法治基金、GSeries 和喜马拉雅服务于债务人的目的，充当债务人的商业工具，且其成员效忠于债务人个人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC，No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631，at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021)。\n\n26. 债务人还将其另我实体（包括 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington、G Club Operations、Rule of Law 和 HCHK Technologies）用作个人存钱罐，为其自身及其家人业已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时向其债权人隐瞒这些另我实体中的资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人追偿其债权。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n27. 债务人在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿还其债务，其奢华的生活方式是由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业资助的。11 债务人在资产负债表中仅列报了 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n28. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，目前因电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱等联邦刑事指控被羁押候审。\n\n29. 在对债务人的刑事起诉书中，美国政府主张债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义开立的约500多个账户，洗钱了超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得”。13\n\n11 债务人关于作出（I）授权债务人获得无担保、次级申请后融资及（II）安排期中和最终听证会，以及（III）准予相关救济的期中和最终 DIP 命令的动议听证会（主案，2022年4月27日）\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见《美利坚合众国关于反对被告 Yanping Wang（王雁平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录》第29页，作为附件 B 附于《第11章托管人对 G Club Operations LLC 关于托管人强制执行动议的补充异议的答辩及相关救济请求》（2023年6月23日，主案卷宗号 1934）。\n\n30. 债务人的另我实体（包括 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington Property、G Club Operations、Rule of Law 和 HCHK Technologies）的财产在申请日之前的所有时间内始终是债务人的财产。\n\n31. 在本案所有相关时间内，债务人在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指示本起诉书所涉的申请前转让。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳骗局和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n32. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体（包括 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington Property、G Club Operations 和 HCHK Technologies）持有的所有财产均成为第11章破产财团的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n33. 申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法典》下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、Lexington Property、Rule of Law 和 HCHK Technologies。\n\n34. 这些申请后转让均未获得破产法院的授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\n\nE. 怀有阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人之故意而作出的转让\n\n35. 本起诉书所涉的转让是怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人之故意而作出的，因为它们全都是通过作为债务人空壳骗局一部分而运作的债务人另我空壳公司作出的。\n\n36. 债务人故意以这种方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假哭穷的同时隐匿和挥霍数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆挥霍，为自己、家庭成员和密友维持亿万富翁般的生活方式。\n\n37. 债务人隐匿和挥霍的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害者处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在待决于美国纽约南区联邦地区法院的一起刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和诈骗勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵），案号 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n38. 债务人明知并意图通过以此种方式隐匿和挥霍其资产，将没有足够的剩余资产来偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害者。因此，这些转让必然是怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人之故意而作出的。\n\n39. 债务人空壳骗局的惯常做法之一包括发行由债务人通过其另我实体所有的资产提供资金的借记卡（简称“借记卡”）。借记卡发放给了受益人被告，以及债务人的其他直系亲属、债务人的私人雇员，以及协助处理其财务事务的债务人下属（例如 Yanping Wang（王雁平））。\n\n40. 上述所有人要么同谋，要么积极参与了债务人的空壳骗局，包括作为债务人另我空壳公司的名义所有人和/或在其中担任其他职务。\n\n41. 债务人允许受益人被告使用借记卡使自身发财致富，并挥霍通过债务人空壳公司持有的财产。\n\n42. 本案所涉向 B&H 的转让，部分是通过受益人被告使用这些借记卡实施的（简称“受益转让”）。\n\nF. 向 B&H 的转让\n\n43. 在申请日之前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司（包括 Greenwich Land、Golden Spring、HCHK Technologies、G Club Operations、Rule of Law 和 Lexington Property）或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给 B&H（统称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下所示：\n\n见随附于此并构成其一部分的附表 A（SCHEDULE A）。\n\n44. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括 Greenwich Land、Lexington、Golden Spring、G Club Operations 和 HCHK Technologies 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，将破产财团的财产转让给 B&H（统称“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下所示：\n\n见随附于此并构成其一部分的附表 B（SCHEDULE B）。\n\n45. 在发生申请前转让和申请后转让（统称\n\n“转让”）时，债务人对债务人破产财团的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n46. B&H 是该等转让的最初受让人。\n\n第一项主张\n（依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条和第 550(a) 条对 B&H 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的主张）\n\n47. 托管人重申并再次主张第1至46段所包含的各项指控，如同在此处完整载明一样。\n\n48. 申请前转让系债务人通过其另我实体 Greenwich Land、HCHK Technologies、Golden Spring、G Club Operations 和 Lexington，怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际故意而作出的。\n\n49. 债务人在实施申请前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的故意通过以下各项予以表明：\n\na. 申请前转让是使用另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人进行了隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转让是在债务人控制的家庭成员以及其他骨干和下属的协助下，作为债务人“空壳骗局”的一部分实施的，企图隐匿和庇护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益而无需使其财产受到债权人的追及，从而助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中牟利而无需使其财产受到债权人的追及，从而助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在发生申请前转让时，债务人正在被起诉，包括在 PAX 案中被 PAX 起诉；以及\n\ng. 在发生申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n50. 托管人有权依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条撤销申请前转让，并有权依据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n第二项主张\n（依据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》（N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law）第273条、第274条和第276条，以及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条和第 550(a) 条对 B&H 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的主张）\n\n51. 托管人重申并再次主张第1至46段所包含的各项指控，如同在此处完整载明一样。\n\n52. 申请前转让系债务人通过其另我实体 Greenwich Land、HCHK Technologies、Golden Spring、G Club Operations 和 Lexington Property，怀有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际故意而作出的。\n\n53. 债务人在实施申请前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的故意通过以下各项予以表明：\n\na. 申请前转让是使用另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人进行了隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转让是在债务人控制的家庭成员以及其他骨干和下属的协助下，作为债务人“空壳骗局”的一部分实施的，企图隐匿和庇护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益而无需使其财产受到债权人的追及，从而助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中牟利而无需使其财产受到债权人的追及，从而助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在发生申请前转让时，债务人正在被起诉，包括在 PAX 案中被 PAX 起诉；以及\n\ng. 在发生申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n54. 受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1)、274 和 276，以及 Bankruptcy Code（《破产法典》）section 544(b) 可撤销申请前转让（Prepetition Transfers），并依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 予以追回。\n\n第三项权利主张\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) 和 550(a) 对 B&H 提出的撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的主张）\n\n55. 受托人重申并重新主张第 1-46 段所载之主张，如同在此完整陈述。\n\n56. 债务人作为申请前转让的对价所获得的价值低于合理对等价值。\n\n57. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或因申请前转让而陷入无力偿债状态。\n\n58. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产对于该业务或交易而言属于不合理微小的资本数额。\n\n59. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人意图招致，或确信其将招致超出其到期偿付能力之债务。\n\n60. 申请前转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(B) 可予以撤销，并依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 可予以追回。\n\n第四项权利主张\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276 以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) 和 550(a) 对 B&H 提出的撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的主张）\n\n61. 受托人重申并重新主张第 1-46 段所载之主张，如同在此完整陈述。\n\n62. 债务人并未作为申请前转让的对价获得合理对等价值。\n\n63. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或债务人因申请前转让而陷入无力偿债状态。\n\n64. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产对于该业务或交易而言属于不合理微小的资本数额。\n\n65. 在进行申请前转让时，债务人意图招致，或确信或合理应当确信其将招致超出其到期偿付能力之债务。\n\n66. 受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276 以及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 可撤销申请前转让，并依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 可予以追回。\n\n第五项权利主张\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 和 550(a) 对 B&H 提出的撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让的主张）\n\n67. 受托人重申并重新主张第 1-46 段所载之主张，如同在此完整陈述。\n\n68. 申请后转让（Postpetition Transfers）系由债务人向 B&H 进行，包括通过其另我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies、Golden Spring、Rule of Law 和 Greenwich Land 进行。\n\n69. 申请后转让发生于申请日（Petition Date）之后。\n\n70. 申请后转让未获得破产法院（Bankruptcy Court）或 Bankruptcy Code 的授权。\n\n71. 申请后转让构成了对债务人 chapter 11（第 11 章）破产财团财产的未经授权转让。\n\n72. 申请后转让依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549(a) 可予以撤销。\n\n73. 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向 B&H 追回申请后转让或其价值，外加截至支付之日止的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n\n第六项权利主张\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 对受益人被告提出的追回为受益人被告之利益而进行的转让的主张）\n\n74. 受托人重申并重新主张第 1-46 段所载之主张，如同在此完整陈述。\n\n75. 受益人被告（Beneficiary Defendants）属于受益转让（Beneficial Transfers）为其利益而进行的当事方，因为该等转让使受益人被告能够为了其自身个人利益使用借记卡从 B&H 购买商品或服务。\n\n76. 具体而言，因其在 B&H 的购买行为，受益人被告获得的利益金额分别为：Ngok 为 $26,647.22、Han 为 $88,721.85、Enriquez 为 $2,333.18、Hadjicharalambous 为 $10,824.35。\n\n77. 在受益转让被撤销的范围内，且在不放弃受托人向 B&H 追回该价值的主张的前提下，受益转让可向受益人被告进行追回。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n诉讼请求\n\n鉴于上述理由，受托人谨请求判决如下：\n\n1. 就第一项权利主张：(a) 作出命令，宣告依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 撤销金额不少于 $245,687.75 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请前转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择从被告处追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n2. 就第二项权利主张：(a) 作出命令，宣告依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 以及 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1)、274 和 276，且对于 2020 年 4 月 4 日之前的转让，依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273、273a、275、276 和 278，撤销金额不少于 $245,687.75 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请前转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择从被告处追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n3. 就第三项权利主张：(a) 作出命令，宣告依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(B) 撤销金额不少于 $245,687.75 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请前转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择从 B&H 追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n4. 就第四项权利主张：作出命令，宣告 (a) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 以及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276，且对于 2020 年 4 月 4 日之前的转让，依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273、273a、275、276 和 278，撤销金额不少于 $245,687.75 的申请前转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请前转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择从 B&H 追回申请前转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n5. 就第五项权利主张：作出命令，(a) 宣告依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549 撤销金额不少于 $656,126.43 的申请后转让；以及 (b) 指示撤销申请后转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择从 B&H 追回申请后转让或其价值，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n6. 就第六项权利主张：作出命令，(a) 宣告受托人依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 有权追回受益转让；以及 (b) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由受托人自行选择追回受益转让或其价值，金额分别为 Ngok $26,647.22、Han $88,721.85、Enriquez $2,333.18、Hadjicharalambous $10,824.35，以使债务人破产财团受益；\n\n7. 判给受托人自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n8. 法院在有关情况下认为公正、适当或公平的其他及进一步的救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：2024 年 2 月 10 日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE（第 11 章受托人）\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey_____\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人之代理律师\n\nSCHEDULE A（附表 A）\nFILED UNDER SEAL（封存提交）\n\nSCHEDULE B（附表 B）\nFILED UNDER SEAL（封存提交）","key_entities":[],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":6063,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 08:08:25"}