{"id":"court_sdny_2894_0","court":"SDNY","case_no":"","doc_number":2894,"sub_number":null,"doc_type":"DOC","filed_date":"2024-02-15","title":"SDNY ECF 2894","summary_zh":"破产信托人回收诉状 —— 破产信托人就一笔破产后未授权转让向 RM Auctions Deutschland GMBH 和 Qiang Guo 提起诉讼。信托人指控该转让系欺诈转让，违反《破产法》第 549、550 条，寻求撤销转让并由被告赔偿。康州破产法院案 22-50073，ECF # 2894（2024 年 2 月 15 日）。","summary_en":"Bankruptcy trustee complaint for recovery of fraudulent transfer — The Chapter 11 trustee for Ho Wan Kwok's bankruptcy estate filed suit against RM Auctions Deutschland GMBH and Qiang Guo for a fraudulent postpetition transfer made without authorization. The trustee seeks avoidance of the transfer and recovery of its value under Bankruptcy Code Sections 549 and 550. Connecticut Bankruptcy Court, Case No. 22-50073, ECF No. 2894 (filed February 15, 2024).","body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET<br>(Instructions on Reverse)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER<br>(Court Use Only)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS<br>Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | DEFENDANTS<br>RM<br>Auctions<br>Deutschland<br>GMBH<br>and<br>Qiang<br>Guo                                                                                                                                                                                                      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)<br>Avram E. Luft and Douglass Barron<br>Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166<br>(212) 318-6000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | ATTORNEYS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | (If Known)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  |  |  |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)<br>Ƒ'HEWRU<br>Ƒ86<br>Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin<br>Ƒ&UHGLWRU<br>Ƒ2WKHU<br>Ƒ7UXVWHH<br>✔                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | PARTY (Check One Box Only)<br>ƑDebtor<br>ƑU.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy<br>Admin<br>ƑCreditor<br>ƑOther<br>ƑTrustee                                                                                                                                                                   |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION<br>(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OFCAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL<br>U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)<br>Complaint<br>of<br>Chapter<br>11<br>Trustee<br>seeking<br>avoidance<br>and<br>recovery<br>of<br>fraudulent<br>transfers<br>and<br>postpetition<br>transfers<br>and<br>related<br>relief<br>pursuant<br>to<br>Bankruptcy<br>Code<br>Sections<br>549 and<br>550                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| NATURE OF SUIT<br>(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property<br>Ƒ<br>11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property<br>Ƒ<br>12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference<br>Ƒ<br>13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer<br>Ƒ<br>✔<br>14-Recovery of money/property - other<br>FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien<br>Ƒ<br>21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | Ƒ<br>Ƒ<br>Ƒ<br>Ƒ<br>Ƒ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)<br>61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support<br>68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury<br>63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan<br>64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation<br>(other than domestic support)<br>65-Dischargeability - other<br>FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property<br>Ƒ<br>31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)<br>FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Ƒ<br>71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay<br>Ƒ<br>72-Injunctive relief – other<br>FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest                                                                                                                                          |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| Ƒ<br>41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)<br>FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation<br>Ƒ<br>51-Revocation of confirmation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Ƒ<br>81-Subordination of claim or interest<br>FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment<br>Ƒ<br>91-Declaratory judgment                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability<br>Ƒ<br>66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims<br>Ƒ<br>62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,<br>actual fraud<br>Ƒ<br>67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny<br>(continued next column)                                                                                                      | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action<br>Ƒ<br>01-Determination of removed claim or cause<br>Other<br>Ƒ<br>SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.<br>Ƒ<br>02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court<br>if unrelated to bankruptcy case) |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| ƑCheck if this case involves a substantive issue of state law<br>✔                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | ƑCheck if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| Ƒ&KHFNLIDMXU\\trial is demanded in complaint<br>Other Relief Sought                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Demand \\$                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES |           |                                       |                                   |  |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR<br>Ho Wan Kwok                             |           | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.<br>22-50073       |                                   |  |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING<br>Connecticut          |           | DIVISION OFFICE<br>Bridgeport         | NAME OF JUDGE<br>Julie A. Manning |  |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY)                     |           |                                       |                                   |  |\n| PLAINTIFF                                                 | DEFENDANT |                                       | ADVERSARY<br>PROCEEDING NO.       |  |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING                    |           | DIVISION OFFICE                       | NAME OF JUDGE                     |  |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)                      |           |                                       |                                   |  |\n| /s/<br>Avram<br>E.<br>Luft                                |           |                                       |                                   |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                                   |  |\n| DATE                                                      |           | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) |                                   |  |\n| February<br>15,<br>2024                                   |           | Avram<br>E.<br>Luft                   |                                   |  |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,1\n\nDebtors.\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nRM AUCTIONS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH and QIANG GUO,\n\nDefendants.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendants RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH\n\n(\"RM Auctions\") and Qiang Guo, stating as follows:\n\n<sup>1</sup> The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Himalaya International Clearing Ltd (\"Himalaya\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$3,957,808.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the RM Auctions as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because this postpetition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. Defendant RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH is a corporation formed under the laws of Germany, with an address at (i) Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse 18-20, 53113 Bonn, Germany, and (ii) Viktoriaplatz 1, Munich, Germany.\n\n9. Qiang Guo is an individual residing at Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ.\n\n10. Qiang Guo is the Debtor's son.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Himalaya.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the\n\n<sup>2</sup> Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\nTrustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. Himalaya is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n18. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Himalaya, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing\n\n 3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against Himalaya, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Himalaya is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n<sup>4</sup> These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nassets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Himalaya, was at all times property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n19. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Himalaya, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n20. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Himalaya.\n\n21. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n22. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint funded costs in connection with the purchase of a 1989 Ferrari 640, *i.e.*, a Formula One racing car with which the Ferrari team competed in the 1989 Formula One World Championship (the \"Racing Car\").\n\n23. The Racing Car was purchased for the benefit of Qiang Guo, the Debtor's son.\n\n24. The bill of sale with respect to the sale of the Racing Car identifies Qiang Guo as the buyer.\n\n25. Qiang Guo has participated in many of the Debtor's fraudulent schemes,\n\nincluding, among other things, illegal securities offerings, fraudulent cryptocurrency ventures, and the Debtor's \"G Club\" scheme. Qiang Guo has also assisted the Debtor in laundering and concealing the Debtor's assets to hinder, delay, or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n26. In the course of this involvement, Qiang Guo traveled to the United States. Qiang Guo has also benefited from transfers of funds that originated from within the United States, including the Transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n27. The Debtor received no consideration in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n## **D. Transfers to RM Auctions**\n\n28. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Himalaya, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the RM Auctions (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n29. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n30. The RM Auctions was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n31. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-30 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n32. The Transfer was made to RM Auctions by the Debtor, including through his alter-\n\nego shell company, Himalaya.\n\n33. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n34. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n35. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n36. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n37. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfer, or the value thereof, from RM Auctions plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n## **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Qiang Guo to Recover Transfers for the Benefit of Qiang Guo Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 550(a))**\n\n38. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-30 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n39. Qiang Guo was the party for whose benefit the Transfers were made, because Qiang Guo obtained the use and enjoyment of the Aircraft.\n\n40. To the extent that the Transfers are avoided, without waiver of the Trustee's claims to recover the value from RM Auctions, the value of the Transfers is recoverable against Qiang Guo.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$3,957,808.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from RM Auctions for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers are recoverable by the Trustee pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and (b) recovery of the value of the\n\nTransfers in the amount of \\$3,957,808.00 from Qiang Guo, for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n4. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 15, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Avram E. Luft*\n\n Avram E. Luft (admitted pro hac vice) Douglass Barron (admitted pro hac vice) PAUL HASTINGS LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166 (212) 318-6000 aviluft@paulhastings.com douglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n*and*\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n*Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2894 Filed 02/15/24 Entered 02/15/24 12:26:42 Page 12 of 12\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFiled Under Seal","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n对抗程序封面表\n（背面附说明）\n对抗程序案号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人\n\n被告\nRM Auctions Deutschland GMBH（RM拍卖德国有限公司）及 Qiang Guo（郭强）\n\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nAvram E. Luft（阿夫拉姆·E·勒夫特）及 Douglass Barron（道格拉斯·巴伦）\nPaul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166\n(212) 318-6000\n\n律师（如已知）\n\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n[ ] 债务人\n[ ] 美国受托人/破产管理人\n[ ] 债权人\n[ ] 其他\n[✔] 受托人\n\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n[ ] 债务人\n[ ] 美国受托人/破产管理人\n[ ] 债权人\n[ ] 其他\n[ ] 受托人\n\n诉由\n（简要陈述诉由，包括所涉及的全部美国法条）\n第 11 章受托人起诉状\n\n受托人依据《破产法典》（Bankruptcy Code）第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及破产申请后转让并寻求相关救济\n\n诉讼性质\n（在最多五 (5) 个框内填入数字，主诉由填 1，第一备选诉由填 2，第二备选诉由填 3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n[ ] 11-追回款项/财产 - §542 财产交还\n[ ] 12-追回款项/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n[ ] 13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n[✔] 14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n[ ] 21-留置权或财产中其他权益的有效性、优先权或范围\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 免责性（续）\n[ ] 61-免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养\n[ ] 68-免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意和恶意伤害\n[ ] 63-免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n[ ] 64-免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务（家庭抚养除外）\n[ ] 65-免责性 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n[ ] 71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n[ ] 72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n[ ] 31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责的异议/撤销\n[ ] 41-对免责的异议 / 撤销 - §727(c),(d),(e)\n\nFRBP 7001(8) 权利主张或权益的劣后\n[ ] 81-权利主张或权益的劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n[ ] 51-撤销确认\n\nFRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n[ ] 91-宣告性判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 免责性\n[ ] 66-免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收权利主张\n[ ] 62-免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n[ ] 67-免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵吞、盗窃\n（续下一栏）\n\nFRBP 7001(10) 被移送诉讼之裁决\n[ ] 01-被移送权利主张或诉由之裁决\n\n其他\n[ ] SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa 等\n[ ] 02-其他（例如，如果与破产案无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n\n[✔] 若本案涉及州法的实质性问题请勾选\n[ ] 若主张依据 FRCP 23 提起集体诉讼请勾选\n[ ] 若起诉状中要求陪审团审判请勾选\n\n其他寻求的救济：\n要求索赔金额：$\n\nB1040 (表格 1040) (12/15)\n发生本对抗性诉讼的破产案件\n债务人姓名：Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）\n破产案号：22-50073\n案件受理区：Connecticut（康涅狄格区）\n分院办公室：Bridgeport（布里奇波特）\n法官姓名：Julie A. Manning\n相关对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性诉讼案号\n对抗性诉讼受理区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Avram E. Luft\n日期：2024 年 2 月 15 日\n律师（或原告）姓名正楷：Avram E. Luft\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提起即在破产法院的管辖下产生一个“破产财产（estate）”，该财产由债务人的所有财产组成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围极广，法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能产生关于破产财产或财产权利的诉讼。也可能产生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如果此类诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗性诉讼（adversary proceeding）。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗性诉讼登记表》（Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet），除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案卷系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗性诉讼。（CM/ECF 在立案过程中会抓取表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，登记表概括了对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息来处理对抗性诉讼并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n登记表及其包含的信息不替代也不补充法律、《破产规则》或法院本地规则所要求的诉答文书或其他文件的提交与送达。登记表的内容基本一目了然，必须由原告律师填写（如果原告未委托律师代理，则由原告本人填写）。每提交一份起诉状，必须向书记官提交一份单独的登记表。\n\n原告与被告。准确按起诉状上显示的原告和被告姓名填写。\n\n律师。提供律师的姓名和地址（如已知）。\n\n当事人。在原告的第一栏和被告的第二栏中勾选最合适的方框。\n\n要求索赔金额。输入起诉状中要求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本登记表必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签名。如果原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律所的成员签名。如果原告是自行辩护（pro se），即没有律师代理，则原告必须亲自签名。\n\n美国康涅狄格区破产法院\n布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等，1\n\n债务人。\n\n第 11 章\n\n案号：22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（合并审理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\n2024 年 2 月 15 日\n\n对抗性诉讼案号：[ ]\n\nRM AUCTIONS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH 与 QIANG GUO（郭强），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n第11章破产受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销并追回申请后转让及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以在Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，以下称“债务人”或“郭”）的第11章案件（以下称“第11章案件”）中被任命的第11章受托人（以下称“受托人”）身份，针对被告RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH（以下称“RM拍卖行”）和Qiang Guo（郭强）提起本对抗辩诉状（以下称“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo、Miles Kwok以及其他众多化名）（纳税人识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（纳税人识别号后四位：8202）以及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 转交 Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产的受托人（仅用于接收通知和沟通之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，旨在撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件启动后实施的、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（以下称“《破产法典》”）授权的债务人破产财产的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其兼具自我化身的空壳公司Himalaya International Clearing Ltd（喜马拉雅国际清算有限公司，以下称“喜马拉雅”），在申请日（定义见下文）之后向作为最初受让人的RM拍卖行转让了金额为$3,957,808.00的资金。\n\n3. 鉴于该破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条，该转让应予撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权与审理地\n\n4. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，本法院对本对抗程序具有标的管辖权。\n\n5. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对抗程序已移送至本法院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 依据破产法院于2022年7月8日作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（以下称“主案”）案卷号 523]，受托人是本第11章案件中的第11章受托人。\n\n8. 被告RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH是一家根据德国法律设立的公司，地址位于(i) Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse 18-20, 53113 Bonn, Germany，以及(ii) Viktoriaplatz 1, Munich, Germany。\n\n9. Qiang Guo（郭强）是一名自然人，居住在Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ。\n\n10. 郭强是债务人的儿子。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n11. 债务人于2022年2月15日（以下称“申请日”）向United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院，以下称“法院”或“破产法院”）提交了依据《破产法典》第11编第11章寻求救济的自愿申请书，从而启动了上述标题所列的第11章案件（以下称“第11章案件”）。\n\n12. 2022年3月21日，Office of the United States Trustee（美国破产受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。未指定审查人。\n\n13. 债务人于2022年3月向破产法院提交的破产财产清单中声称其拥有$3,850的资产，并已产生数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实深陷债务，但其清单未能披露债务人通过包括喜马拉雅在内的众多自我化身空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 2022年6月15日，法院作出决定和裁定备忘录[主案案卷号 465]，责令美国破产受托人在本第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国破产受托人选定Luc A. Despins为受托人。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案，案卷号 78）。\n\n2022年7月8日，法院作出裁定，准许指定Luc A. Despins为本第11章案件的受托人[主案案卷号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. 喜马拉雅是债务人用来欺诈其债权人的众多自我化身空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳骗局”，利用由家族成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这种空壳骗局使债务人能够在使用、花费和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产的同时，向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自被指定以来，受托人已在本第11章案件中启动了多起对抗程序，以确立（除其他事项外）债务人的空壳公司是其自我化身，和/或此类公司及其资产衡平归属于债务人所有，且在若干案件中破产法院已准予此类救济。4\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自债务人控制的其他实体的现金购买资产，和/或在空壳实体之间及向空壳实体进行无对价转让，以及(iii) 债务人从此类资产中获益并对其实施控制和支配。\n\n18. 债务人还将包括喜马拉雅在内的自我化身作为个人存钱罐，为其自身及其家庭成员已习惯的奢靡生活方式提供资金，同时在这些自我化身中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得受偿。\n\n3 受托人已经或即将对喜马拉雅启动对抗程序，该对抗程序请求（除其他事项外）作出确认喜马拉雅是债务人自我化身的确认判决。受托人特此援引受托人在此类对抗程序中提交的诉状。\n\n4 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗程序编号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05023]。\n\n债务人通过这些自我化身实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些自我化身（包括喜马拉雅）的财产始终是债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳骗局与欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n19. 截至申请日，债务人通过其自我化身（包括喜马拉雅）持有的所有财产均成为第11章破产财产。参见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人公然漠视破产法院及其在《破产法典》下的义务，继续通过包括但不限于喜马拉雅在内的众多自我化身空壳公司实施转让。\n\n21. 这些申请后转让均未获得破产法院的授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\n\n22. 本诉状所涉转让用于支付购买一辆1989年法拉利640（即法拉利车队参加1989年世界一级方程式锦标赛的一级方程式赛车，以下称“赛车”）的相关费用。\n\n23. 购买该赛车是为债务人的儿子郭强的利益进行的。\n\n24. 涉及该赛车销售的买卖契约将郭强列为买方。\n\n25. 郭强参与了债务人的多项欺诈计划，包括但不限于非法证券发行、欺诈性加密货币项目以及债务人的“G Club”计划。郭强还协助债务人洗钱并隐匿债务人的资产，以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n26. 在参与这些活动的过程中，郭强曾前往美国。郭强还从源自美国境内的资金转让中获益，包括本诉状所涉的转让。\n\n27. 债务人未就该等转让获得任何对价。\n\nD. 向RM拍卖行的转让\n\n28. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括喜马拉雅在内的空壳公司或其他方式，向RM拍卖行转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下内容：\n\n见随附于此并构成本文一部分的附表A。\n\n29. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿的义务。\n\n30. RM拍卖行是转让的最初受让人。\n\n第一项诉讼请求\n（依据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n31. 受托人重复并重新主张第1段至第30段中所载的主张，如同在此完整陈述一样。\n\n32. 该转让是由债务人（包括通过其自我化身空壳公司喜马拉雅）向RM拍卖行进行的。\n\n33. 该转让发生在申请日之后。\n\n34. 该转让未经破产法院授权，亦未经《破产法典》授权。\n\n35. 该转让构成了对债务人第11章破产财产之财产的未经授权的转让。\n\n36. 依据《破产法典》第549(a)条，该转让属于可撤销转让。\n\n37. 依据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向RM拍卖行追回该转让或其价值，外加截至付款之日的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n\n第二项诉讼请求\n（依据《破产法典》第550(a)条针对郭强追回为郭强利益而进行的转让）\n\n38. 受托人重复并重新主张第1段至第30段中所载的主张，如同在此完整陈述一样。\n\n39. 郭强是转让为其利益而进行的当事人，因为郭强获得了飞机的使用和享用权。\n\n40. 在转让被撤销的范围内，在不放弃受托人向RM拍卖行追回该价值的请求权的情况下，转让的价值可向郭强追回。\n\n请求救济事项\n\n鉴于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项诉讼请求，作出裁定：(a) 宣布依据《破产法典》第549条撤销金额不少于$3,957,808.00的转让；(b) 责令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益从RM拍卖行追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项诉讼请求，作出裁定：(a) 宣布受托人有权依据《破产法典》第550(a)条追回转让；以及 (b) 依据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益从郭强处追回金额为$3,957,808.00的转让价值；\n\n3. 判给受托人自本诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n4. 法院在有关情况下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：2024年2月15日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯） 第11章受托人（CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE）\n\n签字人：/s/ Avram E. Luft\n\nAvram E. Luft（特别出庭资格/admitted pro hac vice） Douglass Barron（特别出庭资格/admitted pro hac vice） PAUL HASTINGS LLP（普衡律师事务所） 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166 (212) 318-6000 aviluft@paulhastings.com douglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n以及\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2894 Filed 02/15/24 Entered 02/15/24 12:26:42 Page 12 of 12\n附表 A（SCHEDULE A）\n\n封存提交（Filed Under Seal）","key_entities":[],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2974,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-15 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-15","updated_at":"2026-08-23 07:42:38"}