{"id":"court_sdny_302_0","court":"SDNY","case_no":"23-cr-00118","doc_number":302,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-04-22","title":"| | Case 1:23-cr-00118-AT
O49FwanH | Document 302 | Filed 04/22/24","summary_zh":"申报令听证会记录 —— 美国诉 Miles Guo（Ho Wan Kwok）案，SDNY 1:23-cr-00118 ECF #302（2024年4月22日提交）。被告 Yanping Wang 对 2024年3月15日住处搜查和手机查获的申报听证会，法官 Analisa Torres 主持。FBI 特工就获取手机密码的过程进行证人证词。","summary_en":"Suppression Hearing Transcript — United States v. Miles Guo (Ho Wan Kwok), SDNY 1:23-cr-00118, ECF #302 (filed April 22, 2024). Hearing before Judge Analisa Torres on defendant Yanping Wang's motion to suppress evidence from the March 15 apartment search and cell phone seizure, with testimony from FBI agents regarding the process of obtaining phone passcodes.","body_en":"|----|-----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|\n| | | | | |\n| 1 | UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK | | | |\n| 2 | ------------------------------x | | | |\n| 3 | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, | | | |\n| 4 | v. | | | 23 Cr. 118 (AT) |\n| 5 | YANPING WANG, | | | |\n| 6 | | Defendant. | Hearing | |\n| 7 | | | | |\n| 8 | ------------------------------x | | | |\n| 9 | | | | New York, N.Y.
April 9, 2024 |\n| 10 | | | 11:00 a.m. | |\n| 11 | Before: | | | |\n| 12 | | HON. ANALISA TORRES, | | |\n| 13 | | | | District Judge |\n| 14 | | APPEARANCES | | |\n| 15 | DAMIAN WILLIAMS | | | |\n| 16 | United States Attorney for the
Southern District of New York | | | |\n| 17 | BY:
JUSTIN HORTON
JULIANA MURRAY | | | |\n| 18 | MICAH FERGENSON
RYAN FINKEL | | | |\n| 19 | Assistant United States Attorneys | | | |\n| 20 | BRENDAN QUIGLEY
RACHEL SEBBAG | | | |\n| 21 | Attorneys for Defendant | | | |\n| 22 | Also Present: | | Isabel Loftus, Paralegal Specialist USAO | |\n| 23 | | | | |\n| 24 | | | | |\n| 25 | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n1\n\nOn March 15, 2023, the government arrested Ms. Wang at her apartment and seized her cell phones. On December 15, Ms. Wang moved to suppress the contents of the phones, claiming that the government elicited the phone passcodes from her after she had invoked her right to counsel. She argues that this is a violation of Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (1981). By order dated March 22, 2024, I ordered that a suppression hearing is necessary to determine whether Ms. Wang invoked her right to counsel prior to being questioned regarding her phone passcodes and whether the government would have inevitably accessed the phones. The government may call its first witness. MR. HORTON: The government calls Special Agent Melissa Baccari. MELISSA BACCARI, called as a witness by the GOVERNMENT, having been duly sworn, testified as follows: THE COURT: Please state your name and spell it. THE WITNESS: Melissa Baccari. THE COURT: You may inquire. MR. HORTON: Thank you, your Honor. DIRECT EXAMINATION BY MR. HORTON: Q. Good morning, Agent Baccari. A. Good morning. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | Q. | Where do you work? |\n| 2 | A. | For the Federal Bureau of Investigation. |\n| 3 | Q. | And what's your title at the FBI? |\n| 4 | A. | Special Agent. |\n| 5 | Q. | How long have you been a special agent at the FBI? |\n| 6 | A. | Just about five years. |\n| 7 | Q. | And what are your job responsibilits as a special agent? |\n| 8 | A. | I'm assigned to a squad that investigates financial crimes. |\n| 9 | Q. | Do you participate in arrests? |\n| 10 | A. | Yes. |\n| 11 | Q. | Do you participate in the execution of search warrants? |\n| 12 | A. | Yes. |\n| 13 | Q. | Did there come a time, Agent Baccari, when you participated |\n| 14 | | in the arrest of Ms. Wang? |\n| 15 | A. | Yes. |\n| 16 | Q. | Do you see Ms. Wang in the courtroom today? |\n| 17 | A. | Yes. |\n| 18 | Q. | And where do you see her? |\n| 19 | A. | At the second table, the defense table. |\n| 20 | | MR. QUIGLEY: We'll stipulate that that's Ms. Wang. |\n| 21 | Q. | When was Ms. Wang arrested? |\n| 22 | A. | In March of 2023. |\n| 23 | Q. | What was the date of her arrest? |\n| 24 | A. | The 15th. |\n| 25 | Q. | And where was Ms. Wang arrested? |\n\n| 1 | A. In her apartment in New York City. | |\n| 2 | Q. And what kind of building was her apartment in? | |\n| 3 | A. It was a multi-floor residential building. | |\n| 4 | Q. What time of day was Ms. Wang arrested? | |\n| 5 | A. Approximately 6 a.m. | |\n| 6 | Q. Were you there? | |\n| 7 | A. Yes. | |\n| 8 | Q. And where were you in the moment before she was arrested? | |\n| 9 | A. I was in the hallway, outside of her apartment door. | |\n| 10 | Q. Were you alone there? | |\n| 11 | A. No. | |\n| 12 | Q. Who else were you with? | |\n| 13 | A. The rest of the arrest team. | |\n| 14 | Q. And about how many people was that? | |\n| 15 | A. About ten other agents. | |\n| 16 | Q. Agent Baccari, what's a knock-and-announce? | |\n| 17 | A. The knock-and-announce is the term that we use to identify | |\n| 18 | ourselves as agents, advise that we have a warrant, and tell | |\n| 19 | the individual what we'd like them to do, which is, come to the | |\n| 20 | door. | |\n| 21 | Q. And how does a knock-and-announce work? | |\n| 22 | A. Agents will knock on the front door of the location where | |\n| 23 | we believe the individual to be located and identify themselves | |\n| 24 | as FBI and ask them to come to the front door, that we have a | |\n| 25 | warrant. | |\n\n| 1 | Q. Was there a knock-and-announce at Ms. Wang's that morning? | |\n| 2 | A. Yes. | |\n| 3 | Q. And where were you during the knock-and-announce? | |\n| 4 | A. In the hallway, behind the agents knocking and announcing. | |\n| 5 | Q. And where in the hallway in relation to the doorway to her | |\n| 6 | apartment? | |\n| 7 | A. I believe I would have been against the wall on the same | |\n| 8 | side as her door. | |\n| 9 | Q. Can you describe to the Court what happened after the | |\n| 10 | knock-and-announce? | |\n| 11 | A. Shortly after, Ms. Wang came to the front door. | |\n| 12 | Q. And what did you do next? | |\n| 13 | A. She was placed into custody. | |\n| 14 | Q. And how was she placed into custody? | |\n| 15 | A. I believe she was handcuffed by the agents at the front | |\n| 16 | door. | |\n| 17 | Q. And what did you do in that moment? | |\n| 18 | A. Ms. Wang was passed to me, and I began to interact with | |\n| 19 | Ms. Wang. | |\n| 20 | Q. And how did you begin to interact with Ms. Wang? | |\n| 21 | A. I advised her that we had an arrest warrant, an arrest | |\n| 22 | warrant for her and a search warrant for the residence, | |\n| 23 | including electronics, and then I read her her rights. | |\n| 24 | Q. And how did you read her her rights? | |\n| 25 | A. I read them from a card, standing in the hallway. | |\n\n| O49FwanH Direct - Baccari | | |\n| 1 | Q. And were you alone in this moment with Ms. Wang? | |\n| 2 | A. No. | |\n| 3 | Q. Who else were you with? | |\n| 4 | A. Another female agent. | |\n| 5 | Q. Where had the rest of the agents you mentioned a moment | |\n| 6 | ago, where had they gone? | |\n| 7 | A. To clear the residence, inside the apartment. | |\n| 8 | Q. How did Ms. Wang respond after you read her her rights? | |\n| 9 | A. Compliantly and as if she understood. | |\n| 10 | Q. And did Ms. Wang ask you for a lawyer at that time? | |\n| 11 | A. No. | |\n| 12 | Q. Did Ms. Wang tell you she did not want to speak to you at | |\n| 13 | that time? | |\n| 14 | A. No. | |\n| 15 | Q. Did Ms. Wang say anything to you at all? | |\n| 16 | A. No. Not in the hallway. | |\n| 17 | Q. After you read Ms. Wang her rights in the hallway, did you | |\n| 18 | ask her to make a statement out there? | |\n| 19 | A. No. Not in the hallway. | |\n| 20 | Q. And why not? | |\n| 21 | A. I wanted to bring her inside to the bedroom, inside the | |\n| 22 | apartment. | |\n| 23 | Q. And why do you want to bring her inside the bedroom in her | |\n| 24 | apartment? | |\n| 25 | A. I just wanted to make her feel a little bit more | |\n\n| 1 | comfortable instead of asking her questions in the hallway | |\n| 2 | outside. | |\n| 3 | Q. And why did you want to make her more comfortable? | |\n| 4 | A. Just in the hopes that she'd like to speak with me. | |\n| 5 | Q. How long did you spend in the hallway with Ms. Wang and the | |\n| 6 | other female agent? | |\n| 7 | A. A couple of minutes. | |\n| 8 | Q. And then where did you go next? | |\n| 9 | A. We went into the apartment and back to her bedroom. | |\n| 10 | Q. And how did you get from the hallway back to Ms. Wang's | |\n| 11 | bedroom in the apartment? | |\n| 12 | A. We walked through the front door and passed the kitchen on | |\n| 13 | the left-hand side and then went directly to the bedroom. | |\n| 14 | Q. And what did you see while you were walking from the | |\n| 15 | hallway to the bedroom? | |\n| 16 | A. There was a line of phones on the kitchen counter in the | |\n| 17 | kitchen to the left. | |\n| 18 | Q. When you got to Ms. Wang's bedroom, who besides you was in | |\n| 19 | that room? | |\n| 20 | A. Ms. Wang and the other female agent. | |\n| 21 | Q. Did you have a weapon on that day, Agent Baccari? | |\n| 22 | A. Yes, I did. | |\n| 23 | Q. Where was it when you were in the hallway reading Ms. Wang | |\n| 24 | her rights? | |\n| 25 | A. In my holster. | |\n\n| 1 | Q. And where was it when you took her to the bedroom? | |\n| 2 | A. In my holster. | |\n| 3 | Q. Did you ever take it out of your holster that morning? | |\n| 4 | A. I don't believe I did. | |\n| 5 | Q. When you got to Ms. Wang's bedroom with her and the other | |\n| 6 | female agent, what, if anything, did you see? | |\n| 7 | A. I noted a cell phone near Ms. Wang's bed on the night | |\n| 8 | table. | |\n| 9 | Q. And what happened next? | |\n| 10 | A. I asked her if this was her phone and the phone that she | |\n| 11 | used every day. | |\n| 12 | Q. How did she respond to you? | |\n| 13 | A. She said yes. | |\n| 14 | Q. Why did you ask Ms. Wang if that was her phone? | |\n| 15 | A. Because we had a search warrant for electronics. | |\n| 16 | Q. After Ms. Wang said that that phone was hers, what did you | |\n| 17 | do next? | |\n| 18 | A. I asked her for the passcode. | |\n| 19 | Q. Did she give it to you? | |\n| 20 | A. Yes. | |\n| 21 | Q. What passcode did she give to you? | |\n| 22 | A. All seven, six 7s. | |\n| 23 | Q. And what do you mean by all sevens? | |\n| 24 | A. 777 -- | |\n| 25 | THE COURT: One moment, please. | |\n\n| 1 | You may proceed. | |\n| 2 | MR. HORTON: Thank you, your Honor. | |\n| 3 | Q. Agent Baccari, you testified that the passcode she gave was | |\n| 4 | all sevens. | |\n| 5 | Can you explain what you mean by that? | |\n| 6 | A. 777777. | |\n| 7 | Q. Before Ms. Wang told you the 777777 passcode, had she asked | |\n| 8 | for a lawyer? | |\n| 9 | A. No. | |\n| 10 | Q. And before Ms. Wang gave you the 777777 passcode, had she | |\n| 11 | told you that she wished to remain silent? | |\n| 12 | A. No. | |\n| 13 | Q. After she give gave you the 777777 passcode, what happened | |\n| 14 | next? | |\n| 15 | A. I asked her about the phones in the kitchen and if they | |\n| 16 | were all hers as well. | |\n| 17 | Q. And where were you when you asked her that? | |\n| 18 | A. In the bedroom. | |\n| 19 | Q. How did she respond to your question about the phones in | |\n| 20 | the kitchen? | |\n| 21 | A. She said that they were all her phones and that she was a | |\n| 22 | refugee of the CCP, and her phones were constantly getting | |\n| 23 | hacked, and that's why she had that many phones. | |\n| 24 | Q. And what did you say -- how did you respond to her | |\n| 25 | discussing all the phones in the kitchen? | |\n\n| | O49FwanH Direct - Baccari | |\n| 1 | A. I just acknowledged it. | |\n| 2 | Q. And what did you do next? | |\n| 3 | A. I asked if Ms. Wang knew where Mr. Miles Guo was that | |\n| 4 | morning. | |\n| 5 | Q. And why did you ask that question next? | |\n| 6 | A. I believe, at that time, we were still unsure where Mr. Guo | |\n| 7 | was with the other operations that were happening that day, | |\n| 8 | simultaneously. | |\n| 9 | Q. Was that the first time you asked her a question other than | |\n| 10 | about her phones? | |\n| 11 | A. I'm sorry. Can you repeat that? | |\n| 12 | Q. Was that the first time you asked her a substantive | |\n| 13 | question other than about her phones? | |\n| 14 | A. I believe so. | |\n| 15 | Q. Did Ms. Wang respond to your question about Miles Guo? | |\n| 16 | A. Yes. | |\n| 17 | Q. How did she respond? | |\n| 18 | A. I believe she just said no or shook her head no. | |\n| 19 | Q. And what did you do next? | |\n| 20 | A. I asked Ms. Wang if she'd like to speak with us, give me a | |\n| 21 | statement. | |\n| 22 | Q. And why did you ask that question then? | |\n| 23 | A. She had been very compliant, and she was speaking, so I | |\n| 24 | thought I could attempt to interview her at that time. | |\n| 25 | Q. And did she respond to you asking if she'd like to speak | |\n\n| | O49FwanH Direct - Baccari | |\n| 1 | with you then? | |\n| 2 | A. Yes. | |\n| 3 | Q. How did she respond? | |\n| 4 | A. She said, I think I'd like to have my attorney. | |\n| 5 | Q. After Ms. Wang said she thinks she'd like to have her | |\n| 6 | attorney. did you have any further substantive conversation | |\n| 7 | with her? | |\n| 8 | A. No. | |\n| 9 | Q. And why not? | |\n| 10 | A. She had invoked at that point, and our focus would have | |\n| 11 | transitioned to processing her, taking her down to transport | |\n| 12 | and process her. | |\n| 13 | Q. And why would your focus change when she had invoked? | |\n| 14 | A. Because she had asked for an attorney at that point. | |\n| 15 | Q. And why would your process change then? | |\n| 16 | A. Because it's not our process to continue to have | |\n| 17 | substantive conversation after someone invokes. | |\n| 18 | Q. Why not? | |\n| 19 | A. Because that's the law of the Miranda rights. | |\n| 20 | Q. Agent Baccari, when you were speaking about the phones with | |\n| 21 | Ms. Wang in her bedroom, what language were you speaking? | |\n| 22 | A. English. | |\n| 23 | Q. And what language was Ms. Wang responding to you in? | |\n| 24 | A. English. | |\n| 25 | Q. Did there come a time that morning, at Ms. Wang's | |\n| | | |\n\n| 1 | apartment, when you Ms. Wang provide another passcode, other | |\n| 2 | than the one you mentioned earlier? | |\n| 3 | A. Yes. | |\n| 4 | Q. And what was that second passcode? | |\n| 5 | A. I don't recall the exact passcode. | |\n| 6 | Q. Was it all sevens? | |\n| 7 | A. No. | |\n| 8 | Q. And when did Ms. Wang provide this other passcode? | |\n| 9 | A. I don't recall exactly when the non-sevens passcode was | |\n| 10 | given. | |\n| 11 | Q. To whom did she provide that second passcode? | |\n| 12 | A. Another agent, part of the team that morning. | |\n| 13 | Q. And was that other agent in the room when Ms. Wang had | |\n| 14 | asked you, in her bedroom, for her lawyer? | |\n| 15 | A. I don't believe so; no. | |\n| 16 | Q. When Ms. Wang told you the 777777 passcode, had she already | |\n| 17 | asked you for a lawyer? | |\n| 18 | A. No. | |\n| 19 | Q. When she gave you the 777777s passcode, had she told you | |\n| 20 | she wished to remain silent? | |\n| 21 | A. No. | |\n| 22 | Q. And when you were with Ms. Wang in the hallway at the | |\n| 23 | beginning of that morning, did she ask you for a lawyer there? | |\n| 24 | A. No. | |\n| 25 | Q. And when you were with her in the hallway at the beginning | |\n\n| | o49FwanH Baccari - Cross | |\n| 1 | of that morning, did she tell you that she wished to remain | |\n| 2 | silent? | |\n| 3 | A. No. | |\n| 4 | MR. HORTON: Thank you, your Honor. | |\n| 5 | No further questions. | |\n| 6 | THE COURT: Cross-examination. | |\n| 7 | MR. QUIGLEY: Yes, your Honor. Thank you. | |\n| 8 | CROSS-EXAMINATION | |\n| 9 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: | |\n| 10 | Q. Good morning Agent Baccari. | |\n| 11 | A. Good morning. | |\n| 12 | Q. How are you? | |\n| 13 | A. I'm well. How are you? | |\n| 14 | Q. Good. | |\n| 15 | No question that Ms. Wang asked to speak to an | |\n| 16 | attorney on March 15, 2023? | |\n| 17 | A. That's correct. | |\n| 18 | Q. No question that you asked for her cell phone passcodes on | |\n| 19 | that day; correct? | |\n| 20 | A. That's correct. | |\n| 21 | Q. I want to back up a second to the day before the search, so | |\n| 22 | that would be March 14, 2023? | |\n| 23 | A. Yes. | |\n| 24 | Q. You met with other agents who would be conducting a law | |\n| 25 | enforcement operation that day; correct? | |\n\n| o49FwanH | | Baccari - Cross |\n| 1 | A. | Yes, I believe so. |\n| 2 | Q. | And these were other FBI agents; correct? |\n| 3 | A. | Yes. |\n| 4 | Q. | Was Agent Effting there? |\n| 5 | A. | I believe so, but I can't be sure exactly who gave the |\n| | | briefing. |\n| 7 | Q. | What was his role in the investigation? |\n| 8 | A. | Agent Effting is one of the case agents. |\n| 9 | Q. | And was Agent DiMarino there? |\n| 10 | A. | I believe so; yes. |\n| 11 | Q. | What was Agent DiMarino's role in the investigation? |\n| 12 | A. | Agent DiMarino is also a case agent. |\n| 13 | Q. | What's your role in the investigation? |\n| 14 | A. | I am a squad member of the squad in which Agent Effting and |\n| | | Agent DiMarino are a part of. |\n| 16 | Q. | And in fact, Agent DiMarino was the affiant on the search |\n| | | warrant for Ms. Wang's apartment; correct? |\n| 18 | A. | I don't know that offhand. |\n| 19 | Q. | Okay.
We can come back to that. |\n| | | Focusing back on this planning meeting on March 14, |\n| | | there was an arrest warrant for Ms. Wang; correct? |\n| 22 | A. | Yes. |\n| 23 | Q. | There was also an arrest warrant for Mr. Kwok; correct? |\n| 24 | A. | Yes. |\n| 25 | Q. | And this was going to, kind of, going to be a complex |\n\n| 1 | operation; correct? | |\n| 2 | MR. HORTON: Objection. | |\n| 3 | MR. QUIGLEY: Okay. I can rephrase, your Honor. | |\n| 4 | Q. You had agents, including yourself, planning to go to | |\n| 5 | Ms. Wang's apartment; correct? | |\n| 6 | A. Yes. | |\n| 7 | Q. You had agents planning to go to a property in Mahwah, New | |\n| 8 | Jersey, to look for Mr. Kwok; correct? | |\n| 9 | A. That's correct. | |\n| 10 | Q. You had agents planning to go to Sherry-Netherland in | |\n| 11 | Manhattan to go look for Mr. Kwok; correct? | |\n| 12 | A. Correct. | |\n| 13 | Q. You had agents going to a residence in Greenwich, | |\n| 14 | Connecticut, to look for Mr. Kwok; correct? | |\n| 15 | A. There were agents going to Connecticut as well. Yes. | |\n| 16 | Q. To look for Mr. Kwok; correct? | |\n| 17 | A. I believe so. Yes. | |\n| 18 | Q. There was a search warrant that was going to be executed in | |\n| 19 | Florida; correct? | |\n| 20 | A. I don't recall that offhand. | |\n| 21 | Q. There was a search warrant that was going to be executed in | |\n| 22 | Staten Island; correct? | |\n| 23 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. | |\n| 24 | THE COURT: Please step up. | |\n| 25 | (At sidebar; discussion off the record) | |\n\nTHE COURT: Are you objecting because all of this questioning concerning that which proceeded the arrest is not relevant?\n\n1\n\n2\n\n3\n\n4\n\n5\n\n6\n\n7\n\n8\n\n9\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n16\n\n17\n\nMR. HORTON: I don't think it's not relevant because it proceed the arrest. My understanding is that it's beyond the scope of the understanding of her knowledge, and I don't think he's established that she had a reason to know what he's talking about.\n\n> THE COURT: The last question concerned Staten Island. Is that what you're objecting to?\n\nMR. HORTON: The line of questioning seemed to be going away from the briefing he was asking her about and into an area she would not be able to answer.\n\nMR. QUIGLEY: Your Honor, if she doesn't know, she doesn't know. The point is that there was a lot going on that day and we want to discover her direct knowledge of the search of Ms. Wang's apartment.\n\nThey're also going to argue inevitable discovery based on materials that were discovered from the apartment, at Mr. Kwok's apartment, so I think it's relevant. 18 19 20\n\nI don't have any more questions on this line of evidence. I'm just going to ask about the planning for the actual discovery. I'm about to move on to some more about her intentions in interacting with Ms. Wang and the actual execution of the search of Ms. Wang's apartment. 21 22 23 24 25\n\no49FwanH Baccari - Cross THE COURT: The objection, on that ground, is overruled, and I'm going to ask the reporter to read the question back to the witness. (In open court) THE COURT: The objection is overruled. Mr. Quigley, would you repeat the question? MR. QUIGLEY: Sure. BY MR. QUIGLEY: Q. There was a search warrant that was planned to be executed in Staten Island also, in connection with this investigation on the morning of March 15; correct? A. I don't recall that. Q. Okay. And the reason that there were teams going to three locations to look for Mr. Kwok was that you weren't sure where he was going to be; correct? A. That's my recollection. Yes. Q. Okay. You were pretty sure where Ms. Wang was going to be; correct? A. Yes. Q. At her apartment in Manhattan. A. Yes. Q. And Mr. Kwok was charged in the indictment at that time? A. I believe so. Yes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23\n\nQ. And Ms. Wang was charged in a criminal complaint, separate from Mr. Kwok. Are you aware of that? 24 25\n\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | Q. You couldn't go in before 6 o'clock; correct? | |\n| 2 | A. Correct. Correct. | |\n| 3 | Q. Under Rule 41, you can only go in in the daytime, which | |\n| 4 | starts at 6 o'clock; correct? | |\n| 5 | A. Yes. | |\n| 6 | Q. Fair to say your team didn't begin knocking on the door | |\n| 7 | until 6 a.m.; correct? | |\n| 8 | A. Approximately 6 a.m. | |\n| 9 | Q. And that was the same time that teams were going to the | |\n| 10 | other locations in Connecticut, at the Sherry-Netherland, and | |\n| 11 | in Mahwah; correct? | |\n| 12 | A. I don't recall their times, because I wasn't at those | |\n| 13 | locations. | |\n| 14 | Q. Are you aware that they had any authorization to enter | |\n| 15 | those buildings before 6 a.m.? | |\n| 16 | A. I'm not aware of a nighttime exception. | |\n| 17 | Q. Okay. And that would be an exception; right? A nighttime | |\n| 18 | exception. | |\n| 19 | A. Correct. | |\n| 20 | Q. After you knocked on the door at about 6 a.m., it took | |\n| 21 | Ms. Wang a few minutes to come to the door; correct? | |\n| 22 | A. Yes. | |\n| 23 | Q. In fact, you called or your team called a phone number | |\n| 24 | ending in 7455; right? | |\n| 25 | A. I don't recall the number at this time. | |\n\n| 1 | Q. In fact, you called four different phone numbers; right? | |\n| 2 | To try to get her? | |\n| 3 | A. I don't recall how many numbers, but that there was more | |\n| 4 | than one. | |\n| 5 | Q. Can you take a look at 3501-18, page 1. | |\n| 6 | Do you have 3500 up there? | |\n| 7 | A. Not yet. | |\n| 8 | Q. Do you have it? | |\n| 9 | A. Not yet. Oh, I'm sorry. Is it coming on my screen? | |\n| 10 | MR. QUIGLEY: You guys have it? Okay. | |\n| 11 | I know we don't have a jury, but just for the witness | |\n| 12 | and the lawyers. | |\n| 13 | Your Honor, may I approach? Sorry. | |\n| 14 | THE COURT: You may. | |\n| 15 | MR. QUIGLEY: Thanks. | |\n| 16 | Q. Take a look at the bottom paragraph on page 1, and let me | |\n| 17 | know if that refreshes your recollection about how many phone | |\n| 18 | numbers you called before Ms. Wang came to the door. | |\n| 19 | A. Okay. | |\n| 20 | Q. Does that refresh your recollection? | |\n| 21 | A. I see four numbers there. Yes. | |\n| 22 | Q. So you called four numbers before Ms. Wang came to the | |\n| 23 | door? | |\n| 24 | A. I believe that that's what it says there. Yes. | |\n| 25 | Q. Okay. So some time after those numbers are called, | |\n\n| 1 | Ms. Wang comes to the door; correct? | |\n| 2 | A. I don't recall the exact timeline of it and whether she | |\n| 3 | came to the door during one of those calls or not, but it was | |\n| 4 | approximately a few minutes after. | |\n| 5 | Q. Well, you didn't call the numbers after she came to the | |\n| 6 | door; correct? | |\n| 7 | A. Not after. | |\n| 8 | Q. Okay. And she was asked to step into the hallway? | |\n| 9 | A. She was taken into custody, yes, and from her apartment | |\n| 10 | door. | |\n| 11 | Q. Okay. So she was brought out into the hallway. | |\n| 12 | A. Yes. | |\n| 13 | Q. And handcuffed. | |\n| 14 | A. I believe she was handcuffed. | |\n| 15 | Q. And she was -- no question she was under arrest at that | |\n| 16 | point; correct? | |\n| 17 | A. Correct. | |\n| 18 | Q. You almost immediately read Ms. Wang her Miranda rights; | |\n| 19 | correct? | |\n| 20 | A. Yes. | |\n| 21 | Q. From a rights card that you had with you? | |\n| 22 | A. Yes. | |\n| 23 | Q. And you indicated her right to have an attorney present for | |\n| 24 | all questions by the authorities; correct? | |\n| 25 | A. Correct. | |\n\n| o49FwanH Baccari - Cross | | |\n| Q. | All right. You told the government a couple of days ago it | |\n| | was \"your practice\" to do that. | |\n| | Do you recall that? | |\n| A. | Yes. | |\n| Q. | And is that because you weren't -- strike that. | |\n| | And, this was at 6:05 when you Mirandized her; | |\n| | correct? | |\n| A. | Approximately. | |\n| Q. | And at this point, you were definitely taking Ms. Wang into | |\n| | custody, right? | |\n| A. | She was in FBI custody at this point. Yes. | |\n| Q. | This wasn't just an interview; correct? | |\n| A. | No, sir. | |\n| Q. | She was going to go to 26 Federal Plaza to be processed; | |\n| | correct? | |\n| A. | Yes. | |\n| Q. | And then to court; correct? | |\n| A. | Correct. | |\n| Q. | What was she wearing when she first stepped out into the | |\n| | hallway? | |\n| A. | I don't recall exactly what she was wearing. | |\n| Q. | Did she have a bathrobe? | |\n| A. | I don't recall. | |\n| Q. | You intended to take her back into her apartment to help | |\n| | her get dressed; correct? | |\n\n| o49FwanH | Baccari - Cross | |\n| 1 | A. Initially, it was to attempt to speak with Ms. Wang. | |\n| 2 | Q. Well, you couldn't take her to court in her pajamas; | |\n| 3 | correct? | |\n| 4 | A. No. | |\n| 5 | Q. So if she was in her pajamas, she would need to get | |\n| 6 | dressed; correct? | |\n| 7 | A. It would be our practice to make sure that she was dressed | |\n| 8 | for the day. | |\n| 9 | Q. And in fact, that's one of the things that happened after | |\n| 10 | you went inside the bedroom of her apartment; she got dressed; | |\n| 11 | correct? | |\n| 12 | A. At some point; right. | |\n| 13 | Q. Because she wasn't dressed when she came out into the | |\n| 14 | hallway; right? | |\n| 15 | A. I don't recall Ms. Wang being naked when she came to the | |\n| 16 | front door. | |\n| 17 | Q. She was not dressed. She was not dressed in clothes to go | |\n| 18 | to court in; correct? | |\n| 19 | A. I believe that's correct. Yes. | |\n| 20 | Q. Before you could take her back into the apartment, the | |\n| 21 | other agents have to clear the apartment; correct? | |\n| 22 | A. Correct. | |\n| 23 | Q. And that's to make sure there's nothing dangerous in the | |\n| 24 | apartment before you go back in there with Ms. Wang; correct? | |\n| 25 | A. Yes. | |\n\n| 1 | Q. And no weapons; correct? | |\n| 2 | A. Correct. | |\n| 3 | Q. No pets; right? | |\n| 4 | A. Not necessarily to ensure that there are no pets, but a law | |\n| 5 | enforcement clear is inclusive of agents just making sure it's | |\n| 6 | clear for individuals to come back in. | |\n| 7 | Q. Okay. And in fact, you would have asked -- after you had | |\n| 8 | arrested Ms. Wang, you would have asked her, are there other | |\n| 9 | people in the apartment; correct? | |\n| 10 | A. I don't recall asking her that. | |\n| 11 | Q. Is that your practice before the agents go in to clear? | |\n| 12 | A. Not always. | |\n| 13 | Q. But you've done it before? | |\n| 14 | A. I may have asked those questions. I think it's very | |\n| 15 | dependent on a number of factors in the situations. | |\n| 16 | Q. But she was being compliant; right? | |\n| 17 | A. Yes. She was compliant. | |\n| 18 | Q. Wouldn't you have wanted to know before the agents went | |\n| 19 | into the apartment if there were pets or other people in the | |\n| 20 | apartment? | |\n| 21 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. | |\n| 22 | THE COURT: Overruled. You may answer. | |\n| 23 | A. Would we have wanted to know? Yes, but that doesn't | |\n| 24 | necessarily mean we would have asked it. The agents went in as | |\n| 25 | soon as she came out of the apartment. | |\n\n| 1 | Q. | But you might have asked those questions before the -- |\n| 2 | | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. |\n| 3 | | THE COURT: All right. |\n| 4 | | Don't ask all these hypotheticals. |\n| 5 | | MR. QUIGLEY: All right. I'll move on, your Honor. |\n| 6 | Q. | So then the agents went in to do their clearing of the |\n| 7 | | apartment; correct? |\n| 8 | A. | Yes. |\n| 9 | Q. | And they didn't find any other people; right? |\n| 10 | A. | No. |\n| 11 | Q. | They didn't find any weapons; correct? |\n| 12 | A. | I don't recall any weapons. No. |\n| 13 | Q. | No pets, right? |\n| 14 | A. | I don't recall any pets. |\n| 15 | Q. | Okay. They did knock over a vase though. |\n| 16 | | Do you recall that? |\n| 17 | A. | I do not. |\n| 18 | Q. | Do you recall the agents coming back out to ask for a |\n| 19 | | towel, because they had spilled water on the floor? |\n| 20 | A. | I don't recall that right now, as I sit here. |\n| 21 | Q. | It might have happened. |\n| 22 | | MR. HORTON: Objection. |\n| 23 | | THE COURT: Please with the hypotheticals. It's not |\n| 24 | | necessary. |\n| 25 | | MR. QUIGLEY: All right. |\n\n| o49FwanH Baccari - Cross | | |\n| 1 | Q. You testified, on direct, that you didn't ask Ms. Wang to | |\n| 2 | make a statement in the hallway; right? | |\n| 3 | A. Yeah; correct. I don't recall that. | |\n| 4 | Q. Fair to say that you weren't that positive of that a couple | |\n| 5 | of days ago when you spoke to the AUSAs? | |\n| 6 | A. I'm sorry. Can you ask that again? | |\n| 7 | Q. Isn't it true that you said to the AUSAs a couple of days | |\n| 8 | ago, \"don't think I would have asked her in the hallway to make | |\n| 9 | a statement.\" Correct? | |\n| 10 | A. If that's what I said. I don't recall exactly what I said | |\n| 11 | a couple of days ago. | |\n| 12 | Q. And the reason you said you didn't think you asked her to | |\n| 13 | make a statement is because you weren't 100 percent sure; | |\n| 14 | right? | |\n| 15 | A. No. I believe it's a result of me knowing that my | |\n| 16 | intention was to bring her back inside to attempt to try and | |\n| 17 | speak with her, so there would be no real reason for me to do | |\n| 18 | that outside in the hallway. | |\n| 19 | Q. Okay. Well, one of the -- well, we'll get to that in a | |\n| 20 | second. | |\n| 21 | But she invoked her right to counsel no later than | |\n| 22 | 6:15 a.m.; correct? | |\n| 23 | A. Approximately. | |\n| 24 | Q. Within ten minutes of your first interaction with her at | |\n| 25 | about 6:05; correct? | |\n\n|----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| 1 | A.
Approximately. | | | |\n| 2 | Q.
If we could take a look at 3501-17, it's in the binder | | | |\n| 3 | MR. HORTON:
Objection, your Honor, to showing the | | | |\n| 4 | witness's exhibit without stating the purpose of showing it to | | | |\n| 5 | her. | | | |\n| 6 | THE COURT:
If you'll step up, please. | | | |\n| 7 | (At sidebar; discussion off the record) | | | |\n| 8 | THE COURT:
All righty.
What is this? | | | |\n| 9 | MR. HORTON:
So this is a piece of 3500 material from | | | |\n| 10 | the witness, and my understanding is that it's not been | | | |\n| 11 | established that there's failure to recall that could justify | | | |\n| 12 | putting the interview notes that she did it right in front of | | | |\n| 13 | her.
So that's why I objected. | | | |\n| 14 | THE COURT:
These are prepared by whom? | | | |\n| 15 | MR. HORTON:
These are prepared by the witness. | | | |\n| 16 | MS. SEBBAG:
This is not her, is it?
Oh, yeah. | | | |\n| 17 | THE COURT:
These notes were prepared by her and you | | | |\n| 18 | want to show her her notes. | | | |\n| 19 | Is it that you are claiming that she doesn't recall | | | |\n| 20 | some of it? | | | |\n| 21 | MR. QUIGLEY:
No, your Honor. | | | |\n| 22 | I think it shows a record of a temporaneous record of | | | |\n| 23 | a timeline.
This is a preliminary hearing; the Federal Rules | | | |\n| 24 | of Evidence don't apply.
Even still, I'm still just going to | | | |\n| 25 | through the present-sense impressions of when Ms. Wang invoked. | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\nWe can always also attach it to the post-hearing briefing as an exhibit, but it's pretty clear in here that she was Mirandized at 6:05 and that she invoked at 6:15, and I think that timeline is critical.\n\nTHE COURT: So what's the problem?\n\nMR. HORTON: Counsel just said that he was introducing it for the purpose of establishing a present-sense impression. There's no foundation of when this document was created, so I just wanted --\n\nMR. QUIGLEY: It's a preliminary hearing on admissibility. The rules of evidence don't apply. We can attach it to the post-hearing brief as an exhibit, but I think it should be in the record, because it establishes that less than -- no more than ten minutes after her first interaction, she invoked her right to counsel.\n\nTHE COURT: I don't have a problem with her testifying about this document. 16 17\n\nMR. QUIGLEY: Thank you, your Honor.\n\n(In open court)\n\nTHE COURT: Overruled.\n\nYou may continue.\n\nMR. QUIGLEY: Thank you, your Honor.\n\nBY MR. QUIGLEY: 23\n\nQ. Agent Baccari, are you on 3501-17? 24\n\nA. Yes.\n\n1\n\n2\n\n3\n\n4\n\n5\n\n6\n\n7\n\n8\n\n9\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n25\n\n|----|----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|--|--|--|\n| 1 | Q. | I offer this as Defense Exhibit 1. | | | | |\n| 2 | | THE COURT:
She needs to authenticate the document. | | | | |\n| 3 | Q. | Agent Baccari, have you seen this document? | | | | |\n| 4 | A.
Yes. | | | | | |\n| 5 | Q. | What is it? | | | | |\n| 6 | A. | My notes from the day, the morning. | | | | |\n| 7 | Q. | And these were notes you took on March 15, 2023? | | | | |\n| 8 | A.
Yes. | | | | | |\n| 9 | | MR. QUIGLEY:
I'd offer that as Defense Exhibit 1, | | | | |\n| 10 | your Honor. | | | | | |\n| 11 | | THE COURT:
Admitted. | | | | |\n| 12 | (Defendant's Exhibit 1 received in evidence) | | | | | |\n| 13 | | MR. QUIGLEY:
Thank you, your Honor. | | | | |\n| 14 | | BY MR. QUIGLEY: | | | | |\n| 15 | Q. | Agent Baccari, these notes reflect -- the top line says | | | | |\n| 16 | Yvette Wang; correct? | | | | | |\n| 17 | A.
Yes. | | | | | |\n| 18 | Q. | And on the next line below that, it says rights read; | | | | |\n| 19 | correct? | | | | | |\n| 20 | A.
Yes. | | | | | |\n| 21 | Q. | And to the left of that, it says, est. 6:05; correct? | | | | |\n| 22 | A.
Yes. | | | | | |\n| 23 | Q. | And that means the estimated time you read her rights was | | | | |\n| 24 | about 6:05 a.m.; correct? | | | | | |\n| 25 | A. | Correct. | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n|--------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|\n| o49FwanH Baccari - Cross | | |\n| 1 | Q. And if you look to the right of that, it says, invoked | |\n| 2 | estimated -- est. 6:15 a.m.; correct? | |\n| 3 | A. Correct. | |\n| 4 | Q. And so that means she invoked her right to counsel at about | |\n| 5 | 6:15 a.m.; correct? | |\n| 6 | A. Approximately; yes. | |\n| 7 | Q. And so no more than 10 minutes passed from when you read | |\n| 8 | her her rights to when she invoked her rights to counsel; | |\n| 9 | correct? | |\n| 10 | A. Correct. | |\n| 11 | Q. And once she invoked her right to counsel, all questioning | |\n| 12 | was to cease; correct? | |\n| 13 | A. Well, there are certain things you do have to ask | |\n| 14 | throughout the rest of the morning. | |\n| 15 | Q. Is -- | |\n| 16 | A. Substantive questioning. | |\n| 17 | Q. Is the question about her cell phones a substantive | |\n| 18 | question? | |\n| 19 | A. No. | |\n| 20 | Q. It's not. Okay. | |\n| 21 | A. I'm sorry. Can you just repeat the question? | |\n| 22 | Q. Is a question about her cell phones a substantive question, | |\n| 23 | in your view? | |\n| 24 | A. Yes. | |\n| 25 | Q. By the way, it doesn't say on here where she invoked her | |\n\n| 1 | right to counsel; correct? | |\n| 2 | A. No. | |\n| 3 | Q. You also told the AUSAs that even if Ms. Wang had invoked | |\n| 4 | her right to counsel, I may still have asked whether the phone | |\n| 5 | was hers because we had a warrant for it. | |\n| 6 | Do you recall telling the AUSAs that? | |\n| 7 | A. Yes. | |\n| 8 | Q. So you might have asked her some questions about the cell | |\n| 9 | phone even after she invoked her right to counsel. | |\n| 10 | MR. HORTON: Objection. | |\n| 11 | THE COURT: I'm going to overrule this. | |\n| 12 | Go ahead. You may answer. | |\n| 13 | A. We had a search warrant for cell phones that belonged to | |\n| 14 | Ms. Wang, so if that took place by myself or other agents, I | |\n| 15 | imagine it would be to clear up if it was her cell phone. | |\n| 16 | Q. So I don't think that was in response to my question. | |\n| 17 | Was that a yes to my question? | |\n| 18 | A. Can you repeat your question again? | |\n| 19 | MR. QUIGLEY: I ask the court reporter to read it | |\n| 20 | back. | |\n| 21 | (Record read) | |\n| 22 | A. I don't recall asking any questions. | |\n| 23 | Q. But you might have. | |\n| 24 | MR. HORTON: Objection. | |\n| 25 | THE COURT: Overruled. | |\n\n| 1 | But counsel, you're basing this \"might have\" on notes. | |\n| 2 | MR. QUIGLEY: Yes, your Honor, of her 3500 material. | |\n| 3 | THE COURT: Fair game. | |\n| 4 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: | |\n| 5 | Q. Agent Baccari, isn't it true you told the agents even if | |\n| 6 | Ms. Wang had invoked her right to counsel, they may still have | |\n| 7 | asked whether the phone was hers? | |\n| 8 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. | |\n| 9 | THE COURT: Overruled. | |\n| 10 | A. I'm sorry. I told the agent. | |\n| 11 | Q. The AUSAs that? | |\n| 12 | A. Yes. I guess I said that. | |\n| 13 | Q. Okay. The search itself actually began at about 6:18; | |\n| 14 | correct? | |\n| 15 | A. I believe that would have just been when entry photos | |\n| 16 | began. | |\n| 17 | Q. Okay. We can come back to that. | |\n| 18 | Take a look at 3501-05. | |\n| 19 | Do you recognize this, Agent Baccari? | |\n| 20 | A. Yes. | |\n| 21 | Q. What is it? | |\n| 22 | A. The Search 302. | |\n| 23 | Q. I'd offer 3501-05 as Defense Exhibit 2? | |\n| 24 | THE COURT: No objection. | |\n| 25 | MR. HORTON: Can I have one moment, your Honor. | |\n\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | Q. So approximately 40 minutes after the search began? |\n| 2 | A. That's what it says there. |\n| 3 | Q. And agents were continuing to search the apartment that |\n| 4 | whole time, between 6:18 and 7 a.m.; correct? |\n| 5 | A. I don't recall the exact sequence of events. I know there |\n| 6 | were people in the apartment. |\n| 7 | Q. Nobody decided to say, let's take a break for breakfast. |\n| 8 | They were continuing to search; correct? |\n| 9 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. |\n| 10 | THE COURT: Overruled. |\n| 11 | A. I don't recall exactly when entry photos were completed and |\n| 12 | the search actually began. |\n| 13 | Q. But we just saw a document that said, entry photos were |\n| 14 | taken at 6:18 and the search commenced thereafter; right? |\n| 15 | A. Yes. |\n| 16 | Q. So the search commenced at around 6:18; right? |\n| 17 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. The document's |\n| 18 | not in evidence. |\n| 19 | THE COURT: Overruled. You may answer. |\n| 20 | A. The entry photos began at 6:18, and some time after that, |\n| 21 | the search team would have begun officially searching. |\n| 22 | Q. They found a number of cell phones during the search? |\n| 23 | A. Yes. |\n| 24 | Q. And they were asking Ms. Wang questions; correct? |\n| 25 | A. Who was asking? |\n\n| 1 | Q. The agents, the searching agents. |\n| 2 | A. I don't recall that. |\n| 3 | Q. Wouldn't they periodically come into the bedroom to ask |\n| 4 | Ms. Wang questions? |\n| 5 | A. I don't know I'd say \"periodically.\" |\n| 6 | Q. Would they come into the bedroom to ask Ms. Wang questions? |\n| 7 | A. I recall an instance. |\n| 8 | Q. Did you tell anyone she'd invoked her right to counsel; we |\n| 9 | can't talk to her? |\n| 10 | A. I don't recall when that happened, if it happened before or |\n| 11 | after Ms. Wang invoked. |\n| 12 | THE COURT: I'm sorry. Are you saying you don't |\n| 13 | recall -- what is it that you're saying you don't recall |\n| 14 | happened? |\n| 15 | A. An agent asking Ms. Wang a question. |\n| 16 | Q. Well, we've established that the search didn't begin until |\n| 17 | at least 6:18; correct? |\n| 18 | A. The entry photos began then. |\n| 19 | Q. And the search, if anything began after; right? |\n| 20 | A. Correct. |\n| 21 | Q. And Ms. Wang invoked at 6:15, correct? |\n| 22 | A. Approximately. |\n| 23 | Q. When you were in the bedroom with Ms. Wang, you were with |\n| 24 | her the whole time; correct? |\n| 25 | Let me rephrase that. |\n| | |\n| 1 | When Ms. Wang was in the bedroom of her apartment, you |\n| 2 | were not with her the whole time; correct? |\n| 3 | A. The entire time she was in the apartment? |\n| 4 | Q. The entire 40 minutes plus that she was in the apartment, |\n| 5 | you were not in the bedroom with her the whole time; correct? |\n| 6 | A. No. I don't believe I was. |\n| 7 | Q. Because you were going in and out to check the status of |\n| 8 | these other operations; correct? |\n| 9 | A. I could have been, yes. |\n| 10 | Q. In fact, at some point, you went to the Sherry-Netherland |\n| 11 | that morning; right? |\n| 12 | A. I did go that day, not that morning. |\n| 13 | Q. Fair enough. |\n| 14 | And you wrote an FBI Form 302 relating to this search; |\n| 15 | correct? |\n| 16 | A. Related to the search? |\n| 17 | Q. Yeah, related to the operation at Ms. Wang's apartment. |\n| 18 | A. Yes. |\n| 19 | Q. So, I'd like to show the witness 3501-16. |\n| 20 | THE COURT: Okay. |\n| 21 | Q. Do you recognize this, Agent Baccari? |\n| 22 | A. Yes. |\n| 23 | Q. And what is it? |\n| 24 | A. A 302 regarding Ms. Wang. |\n| 25 | Q. I'd offer this as Defense Exhibit 3. |\n\n| 1 | THE COURT: No objection? |\n| 2 | MR. HORTON: No objection. |\n| 3 | THE COURT: It is admitted. |\n| 4 | Q. First focus on the first paragraph of this document? The |\n| 5 | first two sentences of this document occur in chronological |\n| 6 | order; correct? |\n| 7 | A. Yes. |\n| 8 | Q. Right, the first sentence talks about how she was arrested |\n| 9 | and located; right? |\n| 10 | A. Correct. |\n| 11 | Q. And the second sentence says after the arrest, agents |\n| 12 | cleared the residence; right? |\n| 13 | A. It says that, yes. |\n| 14 | Q. Correct. So the second sentence came after the first |\n| 15 | sentence in time; correct? |\n| 16 | A. Yes. |\n| 17 | Q. And then the third sentence talks about how after the |\n| 18 | residence was cleared, Ms. Wang was taken to a bedroom area; |\n| 19 | correct? |\n| 20 | A. Correct. |\n| 21 | Q. And so the third sentence comes after the second sentence; |\n| 22 | correct? |\n| 23 | A. Yes. |\n| 24 | THE COURT: So, Mr. Quigley, are you asking whether |\n| 25 | the third sentence follows in sequence after the second |\n\n|----|--------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| | o49FwanH Baccari - Cross |\n| 1 | sentence? |\n| 2 | MR. QUIGLEY: I'm sorry. I will rephrase. |\n| 3 | THE COURT: Yes. |\n| 4 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: |\n| 5 | Q. In terms of the time these events occurred, the first three |\n| 6 | sentences of this document all follow the order in which the |\n| 7 | time these events occurred; right? |\n| 8 | A. Yes. |\n| 9 | Q. The first sentence happened first, right? The second |\n| 10 | sentence happened second; right? Correct? |\n| 11 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. |\n| 12 | THE COURT: Overruled. You may answer. |\n| 13 | A. Wait a minute. To say things happened one, two, three, I |\n| 14 | just want to be clear in -- that happened relatively in |\n| 15 | chronological order to what you're saying. |\n| 16 | THE COURT: So he is asking you whether this document |\n| 17 | states the exact sequence of events. At least that's my |\n| 18 | question. You may answer my question. |\n| 19 | THE WITNESS: The entire document or -- |\n| 20 | THE COURT: Whether the first three sentences that he |\n| 21 | has been discussing, does that state the exact sequence of |\n| 22 | events as it occurred in chronological order or does it not. |\n| 23 | THE WITNESS: It is in relatively chronological order, |\n| 24 | yes. |\n| 25 | THE COURT: I don't understand what \"relatively\" |\n\nmeans. THE WITNESS: I don't recall if there were other things that were happening in addition to those three sentences but those three sentences are in chronological order. BY MR. QUIGLEY: Q. In the fourth sentence beginning: Wang advised the cellular phone..., that happened after you were back in the apartment; right? According to this? A. Yes. Q. And then the fifth sentence, the fifth sentence reflects, with a semi colon in the middle, that she was asked, in substance, whether she would like to provide a statement and it says: Wang advised at that point she would like to have her lawyer present. Correct? A. That's what it says, yes. Q. And then below that in the next paragraph, second sentence, it says: Wang provided the phone's passcodes; right? A. That's what it says, yes. Q. And then below that it includes other information that Ms. Wang relayed to you that morning; correct? A. Correct. Q. OK. You can take that down. You mentioned on direct you thought another agent - you asked her about, what you described as sevens passcodes. Do you recall that? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n|----|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | A. I'm sorry. Can you rephrase that question? |\n| 2 | Q. Sorry. |\n| 3 | You testified when Mr. Horton was examining you that |\n| 4 | she provided you with some sevens passcodes as you described; |\n| 5 | right? |\n| 6 | A. A passcode that includes sevens. |\n| 7 | Q. Right. And then you testified that another agent later on |\n| 8 | asked her about another phone that had a different passcode; |\n| 9 | right? |\n| 10 | A. I recall that, yes. |\n| 11 | Q. OK. And do you remember telling the AUSAs last week that |\n| 12 | you think that you're not as confident that she provided the |\n| 13 | non-sevens passcode before invocation? |\n| 14 | A. I'm sorry. Can you say that again? |\n| 15 | Q. Do you remember telling the prosecutors last week that you |\n| 16 | were, quote, not as confident that she provided that non-sevens |\n| 17 | passcode before invocation? |\n| 18 | A. Yes, I recall saying that. |\n| 19 | Q. And do you recall also telling the AUSAs last week that you |\n| 20 | think more than likely she invoked Agent Cayman with the phone |\n| 21 | and I left to go make calls or talked to search TL? |\n| 22 | Do you recall telling the AUSAs that last week? |\n| 23 | A. I don't recall saying it like that, no. |\n| 24 | Q. Take a look at 3501-1 and look at the bottom paragraph and |\n| 25 | the very last sentence. Does that refresh your recollection |\n\n| | o49FwanH Baccari - Cross |\n| 1 | that you told the AUSAs that? |\n| 2 | A. I don't recall saying it exactly like that but that's what |\n| 3 | it says there. |\n| 4 | Q. OK. It says: Think more than likely she invoked Agent |\n| 5 | Cayman with phone and I left to go make calls. Right? |\n| 6 | A. That's what it says, yes. |\n| 7 | Q. And you didn't say to any other agent -- |\n| 8 | MR. HORTON: Objection. |\n| 9 | Q. -- government, she revoked her right to counsel, we can't |\n| 10 | question her? |\n| 11 | THE COURT: Please step up. |\n| 12 | (Continued next page) |\n| 13 | |\n| 14 | |\n| 15 | |\n| 16 | |\n| 17 | |\n| 18 | |\n| 19 | |\n| 20 | |\n| 21 | |\n| 22 | |\n| 23 | |\n| 24 | |\n| 25 | |\n\n(At sidebar; discussion off the record) THE COURT: For my edification, the document that we're looking at is one authored by the witness. MR. QUIGLEY: Those are notes of her prep with the prosecutors. Those are the prosecutor's notes of her prep. THE COURT: Those are the prosecutor's notes. Okay. And the objection? MR. HORTON: The objection is that he's reading from a document that's not in evidence. It's refreshing a witness's recollection, and that's one thing. And after that, he is reading from the document. It is not evidence. The witness didn't offer and she did not adopt it. THE COURT: All right. The objection is sustained. (In open court) BY MR. QUIGLEY: Q. Did you review these notes before testifying today? A. No. Q. When the other agent asked her for the non-sevens password, did you say to him or her that Ms. Wang had already invoked her right to counsel? A. I don't recall that. Q. Do you recall telling any other agents on the scene on March 15, 2023, that Ms. Wang had invoked her right to counsel? A. I don't recall specifically how that information was relayed to other individuals there. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | Q. You don't recall relaying it, though? |\n| 2 | A. I didn't say that. I just don't recall exactly how that |\n| 3 | information would have been relayed to the other agents that |\n| 4 | were there that day. |\n| 5 | Q. Do you recall relaying it? |\n| 6 | A. I believe so, because the next step was to begin the |\n| 7 | process for transport and that was as a result of her invoking. |\n| 8 | Q. Even though she stayed at the scene for 45 minutes after |\n| 9 | she invoked her right to counsel? |\n| 10 | A. Yes. |\n| 11 | Q. OK. You said you were the squad leader for the search? |\n| 12 | A. The squad leader? |\n| 13 | Q. Were you the squad leader for this search? Was that |\n| 14 | your -- |\n| 15 | A. I was a member of the squad on this search. |\n| 16 | Q. There was a lot going on that day; right? |\n| 17 | A. There were a lot of operations happening that day. |\n| 18 | Q. And are you aware that this search has already required the |\n| 19 | government to make one corrective disclosure to the Court about |\n| 20 | where items were found in Ms. Wang's apartment? |\n| 21 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. |\n| 22 | THE COURT: Sustained. |\n| 23 | MR. QUIGLEY: I have no further questions, your Honor. |\n| 24 | THE COURT: Redirect. |\n| 25 | REDIRECT EXAMINATION |\n\n| 1 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 2 | Q. Agent Baccari, I want to discuss the 777777 password. |\n| 3 | A. OK. |\n| 4 | Q. Before Ms. Wang gave you that 777777 passcode, had she |\n| 5 | asked you for a lawyer? |\n| 6 | A. No. |\n| 7 | Q. Where did you read Ms. Wang her rights? |\n| 8 | A. In the hallway outside her apartment door. |\n| 9 | Q. Did she ask you for a lawyer in the hallway? |\n| 10 | A. No. |\n| 11 | Q. Did she say that she wished to remain silent in the |\n| 12 | hallway? |\n| 13 | A. She did not. |\n| 14 | MR. HORTON: May I have a moment, your Honor? |\n| 15 | THE COURT: OK. |\n| 16 | (Counsel conferring) |\n| 17 | MR. HORTON: Thank you, Agent. We have no further |\n| 18 | questions. |\n| 19 | THE COURT: Recross? |\n| 20 | MR. QUIGLEY: No recross, your Honor. Thank you. |\n| 21 | THE COURT: Thank you, Ms. Baccari. |\n| 22 | THE WITNESS: Thank you, your Honor. |\n| 23 | THE COURT: You may call your next witness. |\n| 24 | MR. HORTON: Government calls Special Agent Jessica |\n| 25 | Cardenas. |\n\n| 1 | JESSICA CARDENAS, |\n| 2 | called as a witness by the GOVERNMENT, |\n| 3 | having been duly sworn, testified as follows: |\n| 4 | THE COURT: State your name and spell it. |\n| 5 | THE WITNESS: Jessica Cardenas. J-E-S-S-I-C-A, |\n| 6 | C-A-R-D-E-N-A-S. |\n| 7 | THE COURT: You may inquire. |\n| 8 | MR. HORTON: Thank you, your Honor. |\n| 9 | DIRECT EXAMINATION |\n| 10 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 11 | Q. Good afternoon, Agent Cardenas. |\n| 12 | A. Good afternoon, sir. |\n| 13 | Q. Where do you work? |\n| 14 | A. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, New York office. |\n| 15 | Q. And what is your title at the FBI? |\n| 16 | A. Special agent. |\n| 17 | Q. How long have you been a special agent? |\n| 18 | A. 18 years. |\n| 19 | Q. And are you currently assigned to any particular part of |\n| 20 | the FBI? |\n| 21 | A. Yes. |\n| 22 | Q. Which part is that? |\n| 23 | A. The Computer Analysis Response Team. |\n| 24 | Q. Is that also called CART? |\n| 25 | A. Yes. |\n\n| 1 | Q. What is the Computer Analysis Response Team? |\n| 2 | A. We provide technical support to the New York office, |\n| 3 | specifically digital forensics for investigations. |\n| 4 | Q. Can you describe the scope of your job responsibilities |\n| 5 | there? |\n| 6 | A. I provide assistance in identifying, collecting, and |\n| 7 | preserving digital evidence. |\n| 8 | Q. Do you help execute search warrants? |\n| 9 | A. Yes. |\n| 10 | Q. And what is your role at the execution of a search warrant? |\n| 11 | A. Again, identifying, assisting with the collection, and the |\n| 12 | preservation of digital items. |\n| 13 | Q. Did there come a time that you participated in a search of |\n| 14 | a premises belonging to Miles Guo? |\n| 15 | A. Yes. |\n| 16 | Q. And when was that search? |\n| 17 | A. March 15, 2023. |\n| 18 | Q. What name, if any, did CART use to refer to the CART case |\n| 19 | relating to that search? |\n| 20 | A. I don't understand your question. |\n| 21 | Q. Was there a name that was used at CART to refer to the |\n| 22 | investigation that that search was a part of? |\n| 23 | A. Yes, I'm sorry: GTV. |\n| 24 | Q. Where did the search you participated in take place? |\n| 25 | A. 781 Fifth Avenue, 18th floor. |\n\n| 1 | Q. What kind of building is 781 Fifth Avenue? |\n| 2 | A. Hotel and residential. |\n| 3 | Q. Where inside that building did the search take place? |\n| 4 | A. 18th floor penthouse. |\n| 5 | Q. And how did you first arrive at that penthouse that day? |\n| 6 | A. My government vehicle. |\n| 7 | Q. And where did you go when you arrived? |\n| 8 | A. Initially after parking the vehicle, I was stationed in the |\n| 9 | lobby. |\n| 10 | Q. Where did you go from there? |\n| 11 | A. There was -- approximately 15 minutes after the execution |\n| 12 | of the operation, there was a radio call for additional agents |\n| 13 | to come up to the penthouse and that's when I went up. |\n| 14 | Q. How did you get up there from the lobby? |\n| 15 | A. The elevator. |\n| 16 | Q. And what did you see when the elevator opened? |\n| 17 | A. When the elevator doors opened I noticed that there was two |\n| 18 | individuals that were in custody, being held in custody by FBI |\n| 19 | agents, and there was a table with cell phones on them. |\n| 20 | Q. Was this all in one room? |\n| 21 | A. Yes. It was the foyer area before you enter the penthouse. |\n| 22 | Q. And who were the two individuals you testified you saw in |\n| 23 | custody? |\n| 24 | A. Miles Guo and his assistant Jason. |\n| 25 | Q. What did you do after you came out of the elevator? |\n\n| 1 | A. I went to the table and I picked up the cell phones. |\n| 2 | Q. And what did you do next? |\n| 3 | A. I placed the cell phones in airplane mode; ensured that |\n| 4 | wi-fi was disabled and bluetooth was disabled. |\n| 5 | Q. And who else was in that room with you then? |\n| 6 | A. I remember Special Agent Nicholas DeMarino and there was |\n| 7 | several other agents but I don't recall their names. |\n| 8 | Q. After you placed the cell phones in airplane mode, what did |\n| 9 | you do next? |\n| 10 | A. I waited until the penthouse was cleared and entered the |\n| 11 | penthouse and assisted with the search. |\n| 12 | Q. What, if anything, did you ask anybody about the cell |\n| 13 | phones? |\n| 14 | A. I asked for the passcode. |\n| 15 | Q. And who did you ask? |\n| 16 | A. I just directed the question to the room to everyone that |\n| 17 | was in the foyer area. |\n| 18 | Q. Did anybody answer your question? |\n| 19 | A. Yes. |\n| 20 | Q. Who answered your question? |\n| 21 | A. The first one to answer was Miles Guo. |\n| 22 | Q. And what did he say the passcode was? |\n| 23 | A. 777777. |\n| 24 | Q. And did anybody else answer your question? |\n| 25 | A. After I placed the first cell phone in airplane mode I |\n\n| | O49FwanH Cardenas - Direct |\n| 1 | went -- I picked up the second phone and, again, I directed the |\n| 2 | question to the room: What is the passcode? |\n| 3 | Q. And did anybody respond? |\n| 4 | A. Yes. |\n| 5 | Q. And who responded? |\n| 6 | A. Jason. |\n| 7 | Q. How did he respond? |\n| 8 | A. Provided the passcode; 777777. |\n| 9 | Q. And how many phones did those passcodes pertain to, as far |\n| 10 | as you knew in that moment? |\n| 11 | A. Three. |\n| 12 | Q. Did you participate in any other premises searches that |\n| 13 | day? |\n| 14 | A. Just the penthouse on the 18th floor. |\n| 15 | Q. Agent Cardenas, what other work, if any, did you do on the |\n| 16 | GTV case? |\n| 17 | A. I processed some of the evidence from the other search |\n| 18 | locations. |\n| 19 | Q. And how, if at all, did CART examiners share information |\n| 20 | with each others during a review? |\n| 21 | A. At times via electronic communication or conversation -- |\n| 22 | verbal conversation. |\n| 23 | Q. And what sorts of things are discussed? |\n| 24 | A. Passcodes, passwords for devices. |\n| 25 | Q. Did there come a time that another examiner asked you about |\n\n| 1 | passcodes in the GTV case? |\n| 2 | A. Yes. |\n| 3 | Q. Can you describe that situation for the Court? |\n| 4 | A. I was just walking in the squad area and I observed two I |\n| 5 | Mac computers that I recognized what I thought were from the |\n| 6 | penthouse, so I went into a cubicle area -- my co-worker's |\n| 7 | cubicle area and I asked how things were going with the |\n| 8 | devices. And she said she was unable to access them because |\n| 9 | she didn't have the password. |\n| 10 | Q. And how did you respond? |\n| 11 | A. I said I believed that those were computers from the GTV |\n| 12 | search at the penthouse and she should try the passcode. |\n| 13 | Q. And which passcode did you suggest she try? |\n| 14 | A. 777777. |\n| 15 | Q. Based on your participation in the GTV device review, was |\n| 16 | that the only password you were aware of in that case? |\n| 17 | A. Yes. |\n| 18 | MR. HORTON: If I can have one moment, your Honor? |\n| 19 | (Counsel conferring) |\n| 20 | MR. HORTON: Thank you. We have no further questions. |\n| 21 | THE COURT: Cross-examination. |\n| 22 | MR. QUIGLEY: Yes, your Honor. |\n| 23 | CROSS-EXAMINATION |\n| 24 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: |\n| 25 | Q. Good morning, Agent Cardenas. |\n\n| 1 | A. Good afternoon, sir. |\n| 2 | Q. It is good afternoon. |\n| 3 | Just to be clear, Ms. Wang wasn't at the |\n| 4 | Sherry-Netherlands that day; correct? |\n| 5 | A. Ms. Wang? I don't know Ms. Wang. |\n| 6 | Q. The only people you saw were Mr. Kwok and his assistant |\n| 7 | Jason; correct? |\n| 8 | A. That were non-FBI personnel; correct. |\n| 9 | Q. And you testified that you asked about the passwords for |\n| 10 | their cell phones; correct? |\n| 11 | A. Passcodes? |\n| 12 | Q. Did you ask anyone whether they'd invoked their right to |\n| 13 | counsel before you asked them those questions? |\n| 14 | A. No. |\n| 15 | Q. You also testified about a meeting with another examiner. |\n| 16 | Was that at 26 Federal Plaza? |\n| 17 | A. Yes. |\n| 18 | Q. When was that? |\n| 19 | A. I couldn't tell you. It was several days after the search. |\n| 20 | MR. QUIGLEY: No further questions, your Honor. Thank |\n| 21 | you. |\n| 22 | THE COURT: What is the difference between password |\n| 23 | and passcode? |\n| 24 | THE WITNESS: Passcode, your Honor, is usually |\n| 25 | indicative of all digits; a password can be alphanumeric, in my |\n\n|--------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | CART. |\n| 2 | Q. And how long have you worked with CART? |\n| 3 | A. Approximately eight years. |\n| 4 | Q. What were you doing before you were doing CART? |\n| 5 | A. I was an intern for the FBI. |\n| 6 | Q. And what were you doing before that? |\n| 7 | A. I was in college. |\n| 8 | Q. And did you graduate with a degree? |\n| 9 | A. I did. |\n| 10 | Q. What was your degree in? |\n| 11 | A. I have a bachelor of science in digital forensics. |\n| 12 | Q. What is your current title at CART? |\n| 13 | A. I am a digital forensic examiner. |\n| 14 | Q. Was that your title when you joined? |\n| 15 | A. When I joined I was a digital forensic examiner trainee. |\n| 16 | Q. And what kind of training have you received at CART? |\n| 17 | A. Part of the CART certification process, we have a variety |\n| 18 | of training in computers and cell phones to essentially |\n| 19 | complete the certification process, and then once we are |\n| 20 | complete with our training, we become a certified digital |\n| 21 | forensic examiner. |\n| 22 | Q. And are you certified? |\n| 23 | A. I am. |\n| 24 | Q. Do you supervise any other personnel at CART? |\n| 25 | A. I wouldn't say supervise, but I am a coach to a trainee |\n\n| O49FwanH Volchko - Direct | |\n| 1 | currently. |\n| 2 | Q. Do you ever oversee the work of anybody else at CART? |\n| 3 | A. I oversee my trainee's work. |\n| 4 | Q. Do you ever review anybody else's work? |\n| 5 | A. I have. |\n| 6 | Q. Did there come a time that you participated in a device |\n| 7 | review for a case that was referred to in CART as GTV? |\n| 8 | A. Yes. |\n| 9 | Q. And what role, if any, did you have in that case? |\n| 10 | A. I had an administrative role and also an examination role. |\n| 11 | Q. And taking you to those, what did the administrative role |\n| 12 | entail? |\n| 13 | A. That was just coordination back and forth with the case |\n| 14 | agents; kind of discussing deadlines, receiving some of the |\n| 15 | CART requests, and assigning those to other examiners. |\n| 16 | Q. And what sorts of things did you communicate with the |\n| 17 | agents about? |\n| 18 | A. Just the volume of data, if there were any deadlines in |\n| 19 | producing extractions and reports, and potential PINs and |\n| 20 | passwords. |\n| 21 | Q. Is that a typical communication with agents in a CART case? |\n| 22 | A. Yes. |\n| 23 | Q. Are you familiar with something called CART examination |\n| 24 | notes? |\n| 25 | A. I am. |\n\n| 1 | Q.
And how are you familiar with them? |\n| 2 | A.
They are notes that I take, as well as other examiners, |\n| 3 | during the course of our examination. |\n| 4 | Q.
And, generally speaking, what do CART examination notes |\n| 5 | say? |\n| 6 | A.
Examination notes document the items that the case agent is |\n| 7 | requesting be examined, and then the steps that are taken to |\n| 8 | examine those devices. |\n| 9 | Q.
And how does a CART examiner fill out examination notes? |\n| 10 | A.
During the exam they will document what they are doing as |\n| 11 | they're working on the devices. |\n| 12 | Q.
Are examination notes shared within CART? |\n| 13 | A.
They can be. |\n| 14 | Q.
And for what purposes can they be shared? |\n| 15 | A.
Just for review, for if a question comes up and another |\n| 16 | examiner needs to answer the question and someone is out of the |\n| 17 | office, we can reference notes. |\n| 18 | Q.
Is there a part of CART called a Mobile Device Unlock |\n| 19 | Service? |\n| 20 | A.
Yes. |\n| 21 | Q.
Is that also called MDUS or MBUS? |\n| 22 | A.
Yes. |\n| 23 | Q.
And what does MDUS do? |\n| 24 | A.
MDUS is a request for either an unlock of a mobile device |\n| 25 | or an advanced extraction of a mobile device. |\n\n| 1 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please show the |\n| 2 | witness what has been marked for identification as Government |\n| 3 | Exhibit 5? |\n| 4 | Q. Ms. Volchko, can you see that? |\n| 5 | A. Yes. |\n| 6 | Q. Do you recognize Government Exhibit 5? |\n| 7 | A. I do. |\n| 8 | Q. And what is it? |\n| 9 | A. These are my examination notes for a request. |\n| 10 | Q. Do these notes concern some of the devices that were seized |\n| 11 | from Yangpin Wang's apartment in March 2023? |\n| 12 | A. These are devices that were received from an apartment on |\n| 13 | 68th Street. |\n| 14 | MR. HORTON: Your Honor, the government offers |\n| 15 | Government Exhibit 5. |\n| 16 | MR. QUIGLEY: No objection, your Honor. |\n| 17 | THE COURT: It is admitted. |\n| 18 | (Government's Exhibit 5 received in evidence) |\n| 19 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 20 | Q. Do CART examination notes say anything about how a device |\n| 21 | was accessed by an examiner? |\n| 22 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, if you can navigate to page 3 |\n| 23 | of this document, please? Thank you. |\n| 24 | Q. Ms. Volchko, looking at the gray bar with text that starts |\n| 25 | with 1B17 in the top middle of the page, what does this section |\n\n| 1 | of the document describe? |\n| 2 | A. The section is the steps that I took to examine evidence |\n| 3 | item 1B17. |\n| 4 | Q. And in the cell it is titled Mobile Device Examination, |\n| 5 | just looking down sort of three paragraphs: It says device not |\n| 6 | locked with a PIN. |\n| 7 | What does that mean? |\n| 8 | A. That means that when I received the device and powered it |\n| 9 | on, there wasn't a user lock enabled so I was able to unlock |\n| 10 | the phone without the use of a user's PIN and access the |\n| 11 | settings and see the content of the device. |\n| 12 | MR. HORTON: And looking now at the bottom of this |\n| 13 | page 3, going into the top of page 4, Ms. Loftus, if you could |\n| 14 | navigate the document, please? Thank you. |\n| 15 | Q. Directing you to where it says, just above the page cut: |\n| 16 | MDUS results, and then at the top of the next page: Full file |\n| 17 | system extraction. What is a full file system extraction? |\n| 18 | A. That's a complete extraction of a mobile device. It is |\n| 19 | essentially the best extraction we can get from an iPhone. |\n| 20 | Q. And what does this box here indicate about this particular |\n| 21 | device? |\n| 22 | A. This indicates that a full extraction was completed. |\n| 23 | THE COURT: What does an MDUS stand for? |\n| 24 | A. Mobile Device Unlock Service. |\n| 25 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, if you could please display |\n\n| 1 | the first page again of GX- 5? Thank you. |\n| 2 | Q. Ms. Volchko, directing you now to the text box that is |\n| 3 | titled: Legal Authority Review. Do you see that? |\n| 4 | A. Yes. |\n| 5 | Q. What does this box indicate? |\n| 6 | A. This indicates that the legal authority for this request |\n| 7 | was a search warrant, and this is the information that was |\n| 8 | reviewed in the search warrant. |\n| 9 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please show the |\n| 10 | witness what's been marked as Government Exhibit 26? |\n| 11 | Q. Can you see this document, Ms. Volchko? |\n| 12 | A. Yes. |\n| 13 | Q. Do you recognize it? |\n| 14 | A. I do. |\n| 15 | Q. And what is it? |\n| 16 | A. This is the search warrant that I reviewed for this CART |\n| 17 | request. |\n| 18 | Q. Is there an address on the search warrant? |\n| 19 | A. Yes. |\n| 20 | Q. Does it correspond with the address on your examination |\n| 21 | notes? |\n| 22 | A. It does. |\n| 23 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, could you please go to page 6 |\n| 24 | of Government Exhibit 26? |\n| 25 | Q. Ms. Volchko, directing your attention to the paragraph |\n\n| | O49FwanH Volchko - Direct |\n| 1 | that's titled: C. Unlocking electronic devices. What does |\n| 2 | this paragraph mean? |\n| 3 | A. This enables using biometrics, so that could be a face ID |\n| 4 | or a fingerprint to unlock mobile devices. |\n| 5 | Q. Generally speaking, what are biometrics? |\n| 6 | A. They are features that the user has that they can use to |\n| 7 | unlock the phone, so some of the most common are fingerprints |\n| 8 | or their face. |\n| 9 | Q. And what does this paragraph on the warrant allow law |\n| 10 | enforcement to do? |\n| 11 | MR. QUIGLEY: Objection. Calls for legal conclusion. |\n| 12 | THE COURT: If you will step up? |\n| 13 | (Continued on next page) |\n| 14 | |\n| 15 | |\n| 16 | |\n| 17 | |\n| 18 | |\n| 19 | |\n| 20 | |\n| 21 | |\n| 22 | |\n| 23 | |\n| 24 | |\n| 25 | |\n\n(At sidebar; discussion off the record) THE COURT: Mr. Quigley, I did not catch what you said. MR. QUIGLEY: Sorry. I just said it calls for a legal conclusion. He's asking her to interpret a document that she didn't write, but he hasn't offered it in evidence. MR. HORTON: She testified that she read that as part of the mobile device review. I'm happy to ask her what she understood it to be. THE COURT: What portion are we talking about? MR. HORTON: There's a portion of the warrant that authorizes law enforcement to use biometrics. She reviewed that warrant and she reviewed that paragraph, and I'd just like to ask her what she understands it means. MR. QUIGLEY: Biometrics, your Honor, it's like opening up -- THE COURT: I'm proud to say I do understand. MR. QUIGLEY: I think \"what's your understanding\" would be objectionable. What does that mean is -- MR. HORTON: We're happy to rephrase. THE COURT: Okay. MR. HORTON: Thank you, your Honor. MR. QUIGLEY: Thank you, your Honor. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | (In open court) |\n| 2 | THE COURT: You will rephrase the question. |\n| 3 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 4 | Q. Ms. Volchko, did you read this warrant before you began the |\n| 5 | device review? |\n| 6 | A. I did. |\n| 7 | Q. And what is your understanding of what this paragraph |\n| 8 | means? |\n| 9 | A. It allows law enforcement to use search biometric features |\n| 10 | to unlock a device in lieu of using a PIN. |\n| 11 | Q. Ms. Volchko, have you previously reviewed the documents |\n| 12 | that have been premarked as Government's Exhibits 6, 7, 8, 21 |\n| 13 | and 27? |\n| 14 | A. I have. |\n| 15 | Q. And are those documents CART examination notes and MDUS |\n| 16 | report for devices seized at the same address you have been |\n| 17 | testifying about this morning? |\n| 18 | A. Yes. |\n| 19 | MR. HORTON: Your Honor, the Court would offer |\n| 20 | Government's Exhibits 6 through 8, 21, and 27. |\n| 21 | MR. QUIGLEY: No objection. |\n| 22 | THE COURT: They are admitted. |\n| 23 | (Government's Exhibits 6, 7, 8, 21 and 27 received in |\n| 24 | evidence) |\n| 25 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n\n| 1 | Q. Ms. Volchko, did you review a summary chart of devices that |\n| 2 | were obtained in connection with the GTV case prior to your |\n| 3 | testimony today? |\n| 4 | A. I have. |\n| 5 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please show the |\n| 6 | witness what has been marked Government Exhibit S-1. |\n| 7 | Q. Can you see that document, Ms. Volchko? |\n| 8 | A. I can. |\n| 9 | Q. Did you compare the information in the summary chart with |\n| 10 | the information that's contained in Government's Exhibits 5 |\n| 11 | through 8, 21, and 27? |\n| 12 | A. I did. |\n| 13 | Q. And does this chart accurately summarize information from |\n| 14 | those exhibits? |\n| 15 | A. Yes. |\n| 16 | MR. HORTON: The government offers Government Exhibit |\n| 17 | S-1, your Honor. |\n| 18 | MR. QUIGLEY: No objection. |\n| 19 | THE COURT: It is admitted. |\n| 20 | (Government's Exhibit S-1 received in evidence) |\n| 21 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 22 | Q. Ms. Volchko, the column on the far right, the FBI's means |\n| 23 | of access. What information does that provide about the |\n| 24 | devices on this chart? |\n| 25 | A. That information is how the PIN was obtained or used to |\n\n| 1 | unlock the device. |\n| 2 | Q. And were the first five devices on this list accessed with |\n| 3 | a PIN? |\n| 4 | A. The second one was. |\n| 5 | Q. Was it accessed by entering the PIN? |\n| 6 | A. No, it was accessed by brute forcing the pin. |\n| 7 | THE COURT: What does that mean? |\n| 8 | THE WITNESS: That means that a series of PINs can be |\n| 9 | used to test against the device until one is successful in |\n| 10 | unlocking the device. |\n| 11 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 12 | Q. Ms. Volchko, what is a passcode? |\n| 13 | A. A passcode is -- it can be digits, it can be alphanumeric, |\n| 14 | and it is used to unlock or protect a device. |\n| 15 | Q. Can that also be referred to as a PIN? |\n| 16 | A. It can. |\n| 17 | Q. And how, if at all, are PINs relevant to the FBI's analysis |\n| 18 | of electronic devices? |\n| 19 | A. Depending on the state of the device, if it's received |\n| 20 | powered on or powered off and depending on the type of |\n| 21 | encryption on the device, we may need to use the PIN to access |\n| 22 | the data. |\n| 23 | Q. And based on your training and experience at CART, are you |\n| 24 | familiar with the concept of a passcode list? |\n| 25 | A. Yes. |\n\nQ. And what is your understanding of a passcode list? A. These are potential PINs that can be compiled by investigators either from other digital evidence items, just observing them from search warrants, and they can compile a list of PINs or passwords to test on the devices. Q. And then who uses those passcode lists? A. CART can use those to upload to one of our tools -- one of our advanced extraction tools to attempt those PINs first. Q. In your eight years of experience at CART, approximately how common -- well, how commonly are passcode lists used in device reviews? A. They're often used. MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please show the witness what is marked as Government Exhibit 2? Q. Ms. Volchko, do you recognize this document? A. I do. Q. And what is it? A. This is an e-mail I received from one of the case agents. MR. HORTON: The government would offer Government Exhibit 2. MR. QUIGLEY: No objection. THE COURT: It is admitted. (Government's Exhibit 2 received in evidence) BY MR. HORTON: Q. Ms. Volchko, what is the subject line of this e-mail? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 1 | A. GTV - Last warrant and potential passwords/PINs. |\n| 2 | Q. Can you please look down at list of the last bulleted items |\n| 3 | in the e-mail, it says for PINs, please try all 7s to start |\n| 4 | with? |\n| 5 | A. Yes. |\n| 6 | Q. What, if anything, was your understanding at the time you |\n| 7 | received this e-mail of what that meant? |\n| 8 | A. If a device was locked with a PIN and we were unable to |\n| 9 | extract the data without the PIN, to attempt that PIN to unlock |\n| 10 | the device. |\n| 11 | Q. Up on the attachments line, the first one is: GTV Summary |\n| 12 | of Potential Passwords and PINs. It is an Excel file. Have |\n| 13 | you seen that document? |\n| 14 | A. I have. |\n| 15 | Q. What is it? |\n| 16 | A. That was a password list of potential passwords and PINs. |\n| 17 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please show the |\n| 18 | document market Government Exhibit 2A? |\n| 19 | Q. Ms. Volchko, is this the document that was attached to the |\n| 20 | e-mail we were just looking at? |\n| 21 | A. Yes. |\n| 22 | MR. HORTON: The government would move to offer |\n| 23 | Government Exhibit 2A. |\n| 24 | MR. QUIGLEY: No objection. |\n| 25 | THE COURT: It is admitted. |\n\n|-----------------------|--------------|------------------|---------------|----|\n| O49FwanH | | Volchko - Direct | | |\n\n| 1 | Q. And looking at your e-mail here at the bottom, you write: |\n|----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 2 | We currently don't have brute force support for 1B16 and 1B18. |\n| 3 | What do those two alphanumeric phrases refer to? |\n| 4 | A. 1B16 and 1B18 are evidence item numbers. |\n| 5 | Q. Are they phones? |\n| 6 | A. Yes. |\n| 7 | Q. The next sentence says: Both devices were seized from 188 |\n| 8 | East 64th Street, apartment 1601. Please advise if you would |\n| 9 | like me to attempt 777777 for both devices. |\n| 10 | Ms. Volchko, why did you suggest that PIN? |\n| 11 | A. Because it was in the potential PINs and there were also |\n| 12 | conversations about attempting that PIN first. |\n| 13 | Q. And who were those conversations with, the case agents? |\n| 14 | MR. HORTON: If I can have one moment, your Honor? |\n| 15 | (Counsel conferring) |\n| 16 | INTERPRETER: I'm sorry. This is the interpreter |\n| 17 | speaking, counsel, and your Honor. If you could slow it down |\n| 18 | for the interpretation, please, a little bit? Thank you. |\n| 19 | MR. HORTON: Ms. Loftus, can you please pull up |\n| 20 | Government Exhibit S-1 one more time? |\n| 21 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 22 | Q. Ms. Volchko, for the devices from 1B15 to the bottom of the |\n| 23 | summary chart, was the PIN 777777 used to gain access to those |\n| 24 | phones? |\n| 25 | A. That's correct. |\n\n| 1 | MR. HORTON:
No further questions. |\n| 2 | THE COURT:
Cross-examination. |\n| 3 | MR. QUIGLEY:
Sure.
Thank you, your Honor. |\n| 4 | Can we leave that exhibit up? |\n| 5 | CROSS-EXAMINATION |\n| 6 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: |\n| 7 | Q.
Good afternoon, Ms. Volchko. |\n| 8 | A.
Good afternoon. |\n| 9 | Q.
Just referring to Government Exhibit S-1, directing your |\n| 10 | attention to the right-hand column:
FBI's means of access. |\n| 11 | You testified about biometrics on direct.
Do you recall that? |\n| 12 | A.
I do. |\n| 13 | Q.
None of these devices were accessed via biometrics, |\n| 14 | correct? |\n| 15 | A.
I don't believe so. |\n| 16 | It certainly doesn't reflect that on this summary chart;
Q. |\n| 17 | correct? |\n| 18 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 19 | Q.
And you don't know whether the FBI even attempted to use |\n| 20 | biometrics to access any of these devices; correct? |\n| 21 | A.
Possibly one of the items that I reviewed. |\n| 22 | Q.
But you don't know? |\n| 23 | A.
Just based on the state of the device when I received some |\n| 24 | of the items. |\n| 25 | Q.
It hadn't been extracted.
That item had not been |\n| | |\n\n| 1 | extracted, yet, correct, when you received it? |\n| 2 | A. I'm sorry. Can you -- I'm not understanding the question. |\n| 3 | Q. You received a device that you believed the FBI attempted |\n| 4 | to access biometrically; correct? |\n| 5 | A. That, I can't state yes or no if it was accessed. |\n| 6 | Q. OK. Fair enough. |\n| 7 | I want to take a look at GX- 4, Government's |\n| 8 | Exhibit 4. If you can go to the second page? |\n| 9 | You tell Agent Effting that we don't have currently |\n| 10 | have brute force to support for 1B16 and 1B18; correct? |\n| 11 | A. That's correct. |\n| 12 | Q. And those were items seized from the 64th Street apartment; |\n| 13 | correct? |\n| 14 | A. That's correct. |\n| 15 | Q. These were not seized from Mahwah; correct? |\n| 16 | A. That's correct. |\n| 17 | Q. They were not seized from the Sherry-Netherland; correct? |\n| 18 | A. That's correct. |\n| 19 | Q. They were not seized from Connecticut; right? |\n| 20 | A. That's correct. |\n| 21 | Q. And you relay, it's important, if you are going to enter a |\n| 22 | PIN, to try to get the PIN right the first time; correct? |\n| 23 | A. I would say for attempting a PIN, we should have a pretty |\n| 24 | good idea that that may be the right PIN. We shouldn't just |\n| 25 | randomly attempt PINs. |\n\n| 1 | Q.
Right, because you say in the third sentence:
It is |\n| 2 | important to note that unsuccessful PIN attempts always run the |\n| 3 | risk of permanently disabling or wiping the device.
Correct? |\n| 4 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 5 | Q.
And you asked Agent Effting how he would like to proceed, |\n| 6 | correct? |\n| 7 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 8 | Q.
And by the way, Agent DeMarino is on this e-mail as well; |\n| 9 | correct? |\n| 10 | That's correct.
A. |\n| 11 | Q.
And he is one of the other case agents? |\n| 12 | A.
Yes. |\n| 13 | Q.
And if we can scroll up to the next e-mail on the chain? |\n| 14 | He said, Agent Effting says:
Hi, Jess.
Please try |\n| 15 | those PINs.
If that does not work, please let me know and I |\n| 16 | will provide another option for us to try. |\n| 17 | Do you see that? |\n| 18 | A.
I do. |\n| 19 | Q.
You don't know what information Agent Effting had about the |\n| 20 | search on East 64th Street when you gave you that information; |\n| 21 | correct? |\n| 22 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 23 | Q.
You have no way of knowing whether information from that |\n| 24 | search impacted his division to tell you to proceed, correct? |\n| 25 | A.
That's correct. |\n| | |\n\n| 1 | MR. QUIGLEY:
We can take that down. |\n|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| 2 | THE COURT:
When you use the word \"support\" what do |\n| 3 | you mean? |\n| 4 | THE WITNESS:
Depending on if you are referring to |\n| 5 | brute force support. |\n| 6 | THE COURT:
Correct. |\n| 7 | THE WITNESS:
Depending on the model and the operating |\n| 8 | system of the device we may not have a tool that can unlock the |\n| 9 | devices or attempt to brute force the devices.
So, as Apple |\n| 10 | and other mobile devices are updating their software, we can |\n| 11 | have support and then lose support with a new operating system |\n| 12 | version. |\n| 13 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: |\n| 14 | Q.
You are aware that brute force does not -- there is no |\n| 15 | current brute force capability for iPhone 12 or later; correct? |\n| 16 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 17 | Q.
By the way, you did the extraction for 1B16 through 1B21? |\n| 18 | A.
That's correct. |\n| 19 | Is it right that it took over six months to extract those
Q. |\n| 20 | devices? |\n| 21 | A.
I don't recall the exact time frame. |\n| 22 | Q.
Can we take a look at 3503-06 and scroll down to the second |\n| 23 | page? |\n| 24 | Could it have been six months? |\n| 25 | It is possible.
A. |\n| | |\n\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| O49FwanH Isolda - Direct | |\n| 1 | A. I have been with CART for approximately four and a half |\n| 2 | years. |\n| 3 | Q. Do you work on any particular section at CART? |\n| 4 | A. I do. I work on a separate team as well called the Mobile |\n| 5 | Device Unlock Team. |\n| 6 | Q. Is that also called MDUS? |\n| 7 | A. Correct. |\n| 8 | Q. What are your duties at MDUS? |\n| 9 | A. MDUS duties entail unlocking phones, performing extractions |\n| 10 | on cell phones, as well as preparing broken devices or doing a |\n| 11 | more advanced level of extraction on cell phones. |\n| 12 | Q. What does the term \"brute force\" mean? |\n| 13 | A. Brute force is a capability that comes in forensic tools, |\n| 14 | some of our software that allows the guessing of passcodes |\n| 15 | against the device or a file. |\n| 16 | Q. And generally speaking, how does that work? |\n| 17 | A. The tool -- the brute force tool goes and tries every |\n| 18 | single passcode possible. For example, a six-digit passcode |\n| 19 | has 1 million possible attempts so it will try all 1 million |\n| 20 | attempts until it finds the correct passcode. |\n| 21 | Q. And without the brute force tool, what would happen? |\n| 22 | MR. QUIGLEY: Objection. Vague. |\n| 23 | THE COURT: One moment, please. (Pause) I'm sorry. |\n| 24 | The objection was? |\n| 25 | MR. QUIGLEY: I'm going to withdraw the question. |\n\n| 1 | THE COURT: All righty. |\n| 2 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 3 | Q. Can all phones be brute forced? |\n| 4 | A. No. |\n| 5 | Q. What determines whether the FBI is capable of accessing a |\n| 6 | device on brute force? |\n| 7 | A. Very dependent on the model of the phone as well as the |\n| 8 | software that is running on the phone. |\n| 9 | Q. Do you have experience using brute force techniques? |\n| 10 | A. I do. |\n| 11 | Q. In preparing to testify today, Mr. Isolda, did you review |\n| 12 | any physical devices? |\n| 13 | A. I did. |\n| 14 | Q. Did those include phones that were labeled 1B70 and 1B71? |\n| 15 | A. Correct. |\n| 16 | Q. And what information, if any, did you review on those |\n| 17 | devices? |\n| 18 | A. I was able to verify the model of the device, as well as |\n| 19 | the IOS version that was running on the device. |\n| 20 | Q. And based on your training and experience what, if |\n| 21 | anything, were you able to determine about the FBI's ability to |\n| 22 | access phone 1B70 by brute force? |\n| 23 | A. 1B70 would be brute forceable with the combination of the |\n| 24 | model and the IOS version. |\n| 25 | THE COURT: I'm sorry. The current combination of the |\n\n| O49FwanH Isolda - Direct | |\n| 1 | model? What do you mean by that? |\n| 2 | THE WITNESS: The combination of the model, combined |\n| 3 | with the software that's on that specific device. |\n| 4 | BY MR. HORTON: |\n| 5 | Q. Did you access the same information about 1B71? |\n| 6 | A. I did. |\n| 7 | Q. And based on your training and experience what, if |\n| 8 | anything, were you able to determine about the FBI's ability to |\n| 9 | access phone 1B71 by brute force? |\n| 10 | A. 1B71 also has the ability to be brute forced. |\n| 11 | Q. And why is that? |\n| 12 | A. The model and the IOS version. |\n| 13 | Q. What are biometrics? |\n| 14 | A. Specific to? |\n| 15 | Q. In the context of mobile devices, what are biometrics? |\n| 16 | A. Biometrics is a way to unlock phones. For example, some of |\n| 17 | the newer app devices have something called face ID where you |\n| 18 | can unlock your phone with your face. Other phones have touch |\n| 19 | ID which you can unlock your phone with your fingerprint. |\n| 20 | Q. And can you determine whether a particular device has |\n| 21 | biometrics enabled? |\n| 22 | A. Yes. |\n| 23 | Q. And how would you determine that? |\n| 24 | A. There is a few different ways. Some of the wording on the |\n| 25 | lock screen can indicate if biometrics is enabled. Another way |\n\n| 1 | you can quickly tell is if you go into the settings of the |\n| 2 | device, you can check the biometrics settings to see if it is |\n| 3 | enabled or not. |\n| 4 | Q. In preparing to testify today, did you review a device that |\n| 5 | is labeled 1B15? |\n| 6 | A. I did. |\n| 7 | Q. Is that an iPhone? |\n| 8 | A. Correct. |\n| 9 | Q. What information about that device did you review? |\n| 10 | A. I confirmed that the biometrics was enabled on that device. |\n| 11 | Q. How did you determine that? |\n| 12 | A. I went into the settings of the phone and I verified that |\n| 13 | biometrics, specifically a face ID, was enabled on that device. |\n| 14 | MR. HORTON: If I can have one moment, your Honor? |\n| 15 | (Counsel conferring) |\n| 16 | MR. HORTON: Thank you, Mr. Isolda, we have no further |\n| 17 | questions, your Honor. |\n| 18 | THE COURT: Cross-examination. |\n| 19 | MR. QUIGLEY: Thank you, your Honor. |\n| 20 | CROSS-EXAMINATION |\n| 21 | BY MR. QUIGLEY: |\n| 22 | Q. Good afternoon, Mr. Isolda. |\n| 23 | A. Good afternoon. |\n| 24 | Q. You were asked some questions about 1B70. Do you recall |\n| 25 | that? |\n\n| 1 | A.
I do. |\n| 2 | Q.
And you were asked whether you reviewed whether that phone |\n| 3 | could be brute forced; right? |\n| 4 | A.
Correct. |\n| 5 | Q.
You didn't conduct that analysis until you were preparing |\n| 6 | to testify today; correct? |\n| 7 | A.
Correct. |\n| 8 | Q.
That was in the last couple of weeks? |\n| 9 | A.
Correct. |\n| 10 | Q.
Do you know when, approximately? |\n| 11 | A.
That was this morning. |\n| 12 | Q.
And 1B71, you didn't conduct any analysis on that phone |\n| 13 | until after you knew you were going to testify today; correct? |\n| 14 | A.
Correct. |\n| 15 | Q.
When did you conduct that analysis? |\n| 16 | A.
That was also this morning. |\n| 17 | Q.
And 1B15, you didn't conduct any analysis on the biometrics |\n| 18 | on that phone until you knew you were going to testify today; |\n| 19 | correct? |\n| 20 | A.
Correct. |\n| 21 | Q.
When was that? |\n| 22 | A.
That was yesterday. |\n| 23 | Q.
These phones were seized over a year ago now? |\n| 24 | A.
I'm not sure when they were seized. |\n| 25 | MR. QUIGLEY: One moment, your Honor? |\n\n| | 049FwanH Isolda - Cross |\n| 1 | (Pause) |\n| 2 | Q. By the way you testified a little bit about brute force |\n| 3 | capable; correct? |\n| 4 | A. Correct. |\n| 5 | Q. Even if a phone has the ability to be unlocked via using |\n| 6 | brute force, there are variables that play into how long it |\n| 7 | takes for that to happen; correct? |\n| 8 | A. Correct. |\n| 9 | Q. What is the longest you have seen a phone take to get |\n| 10 | unlocked? |\n| 11 | A. Personally? |\n| 12 | Q. What is the longest you have heard of a phone getting |\n| 13 | unlocked? |\n| 14 | A. The longest I have heard of a phone to take to get unlocked |\n| 15 | took, if I recall correctly, three years to get in. |\n| 16 | Q. Do you know whether anyone did any analysis of whether it |\n| 17 | would be reasonable to hold on to a phone for three years while |\n| 18 | you were waiting for it to unlock? |\n| 19 | MR. HORTON: Objection, your Honor. |\n| 20 | THE COURT: Sustained. |\n| 21 | MR. QUIGLEY: No further questions, your Honor. |\n| 22 | THE COURT: Any redirect? |\n| 23 | MR. HORTON: No questions from us, your Honor. |\n| 24 | THE COURT: All righty, sir. Thank you. You may step |\n| 25 | out. |\n\n| 1 | INDEX OF EXAMINATION | |\n|----|----------------------------|-------------------------|\n| 2 | Examination
of:
Page | |\n| 3 | MELISSA BACCARI | |\n| 4 | Direct By Mr. Horton 3 | |\n| 5 | Cross By Mr. Quigley14 | |\n| 6 | Redirect By Mr. Horton45 | |\n| 7 | JESSICA CARDENAS | |\n| 8 | Direct By Mr. Horton46 | |\n| 9 | Cross By Mr. Quigley51 | |\n| 10 | JESSICA VOLCHKO | |\n| 11 | Direct By Mr. Horton53 | |\n| 12 | Cross By Mr. Quigley69 | |\n| 13 | Redirect By Mr. Horton74 | |\n| 14 | CHRISTIAN ISOLDA | |\n| 15 | Direct By Mr. Horton75 | |\n| 16 | Cross By Mr. Quigley79 | |\n| 17 | GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS | |\n| 18 | Exhibit No.
Received | |\n| 19 | 5
.57 | |\n| 20 | 6, 7, 8, 21 and 27
.62 | |\n| 21 | S-1
.63 | |\n| 22 | 2
.65 | |\n| 23 | 2A
.67 | |\n| 24 | 4
.67 | |\n| 25 | DEFENDANT EXHIBITS | |\n| | | |\n| 1 | | Exhibit No.
Received |\n| 2 | 1 | .30 |\n| 3 | 2 | .34 |\n| 4 | | |\n| 5 | | |\n| 6 | | |\n| 7 | | |\n| 8 | | |\n| 9 | | |\n| 10 | | |\n| 11 | | |\n| 12 | | |\n| 13 | | |\n| 14 | | |\n| 15 | | |\n| 16 | | |\n| 17 | | |\n| 18 | | |\n| 19 | | |\n| 20 | | |\n| 21 | | |\n| 22 | | |\n| 23 | | |\n| 24 | | |\n| 25 | | |\n| | | |","body_zh":"1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT（美国联邦地区法院）\nSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK（纽约南区联邦地区法院）\n2 ------------------------------x\n3 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA（美利坚合众国）\n4 诉 23 Cr. 118 (AT)\n5 YANPING WANG（王雁平）\n6 被告。 听证会\n\n8 ------------------------------x\n9 纽约州纽约市\n2024年4月9日\n10 上午11:00\n11 主审法官：\n12 HON. ANALISA TORRES（阿娜丽莎·托雷斯法官阁下）\n13 联邦地区法官\n14 出庭人员\n15 DAMIAN WILLIAMS（达米安·威廉姆斯）\n16 纽约南区联邦检察官\n17 代理人：\nJUSTIN HORTON（贾斯汀·霍顿）\nJULIANA MURRAY（朱莉安娜·默里）\n18 MICAH FERGENSON（米卡·费根森）\nRYAN FINKEL（瑞安·芬克尔）\n19 助理联邦检察官\n20 BRENDAN QUIGLEY（布伦丹·奎格利）\nRACHEL SEBBAG（瑞秋·塞巴格）\n21 被告代理律师\n22 同样在场人员：Isabel Loftus（伊莎贝尔·洛夫特斯），USAO（美国联邦检察官办公室）律师助理专员\n\n2023年3月15日，政府在王女士（Ms. Wang）的公寓将其逮捕，并扣押了她的手机。12月15日，王女士提出动议，要求压制（排除）手机内的内容，声称政府是在她主张了获得律师帮助的权利之后，从她那里套取了手机密码。她辩称这违反了 Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (1981) 案判例。根据2024年3月22日的命令，我裁定有必要举行压制证据听证会，以确定王女士在就手机密码接受讯问之前是否主张了获得律师帮助的权利，以及政府是否必然会获取这些手机。政府可以传唤其第一位证人。霍顿先生（MR. HORTON）：政府传唤特别特工梅丽莎·巴卡里（Special Agent Melissa Baccari）。梅丽莎·巴卡里（MELISSA BACCARI），由政府方传唤作证，经依法宣誓后，作证如下：法庭：请陈述您的姓名并拼写。证人：梅丽莎·巴卡里。法庭：你可以开始询问了。霍顿先生：谢谢法官阁下。由霍顿先生进行的主询问：问：早上好，巴卡里特工。答：早上好。1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n1 问：你在哪里工作？ 2 答：在联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation，简称 FBI）。 3 问：你在联邦调查局的职衔是什么？ 4 答：特别特工（Special Agent）。 5 问：你在联邦调查局担任特别特工多久了？ 6 答：刚满五年左右。 7 问：作为特别特工，你的工作职责是什么？ 8 答：我被分配到一个调查金融犯罪的小组。 9 问：你参与逮捕行动吗？ 10 答：参与。 11 问：你参与搜查令的执行吗？ 12 答：参与。 13 问：巴卡里特工，是否有过那么一次，你参与了 14 对王女士的逮捕？ 15 答：是的。 16 问：你今天在法庭上看到王女士了吗？ 17 答：看到了。 18 问：你在哪里看到她？ 19 答：在第二张桌子，辩护方席位。 20 奎格利先生（MR. QUIGLEY）：我们认可那就是王女士。 21 问：王女士是什么时候被捕的？ 22 答：2023年3月。 23 问：她被捕的日期是哪一天？ 24 答：15日。 25 问：王女士是在哪里被捕的？ 1 答：在她位于纽约市（New York City）的公寓里。 2 问：她的公寓在什么样的建筑物里？ 3 答：是一栋多层的住宅楼。 4 问：王女士是在一天的什么时间被捕的？ 5 答：大约早上6点。 6 问：你在场吗？ 7 答：在场。 8 问：在她被捕前的那一刻，你在哪里？ 9 答：我在走廊里，在她公寓门外。 10 问：你当时一个人在那里吗？ 11 答：不是。 12 问：你还和谁在一起？ 13 答：逮捕小组的其他成员。 14 问：大约有多少人？ 15 答：大约其他十名特工。 16 问：巴卡里特工，什么是敲门并表明身份（knock-and-announce）？ 17 答：敲门并表明身份是我们用来表明 18 自己是特工、告知我们持有令状，并告诉 19 当事人我们希望他们做什么（也就是走到门前来） 20 的术语。 21 问：敲门并表明身份是如何运作的？ 22 答：特工们会敲响我们认为该人所在位置的 23 正门，并表明自己 24 是联邦调查局，并要求他们走到正门前，告知我们持有 25 令状。 1 问：那天早上在王女士那里有进行敲门并表明身份吗？ 2 答：有的。 3 问：在敲门并表明身份期间你在哪里？ 4 答：在走廊里，在敲门并表明身份的特工后面。 5 问：在走廊里的什么位置，相对于她 6 公寓的门口而言？ 7 答：我认为我当时应该是靠着与她房门同 8 一侧的墙壁。 9 问：你能向法庭描述一下在 10 敲门并表明身份之后发生了什么吗？ 11 答：不久之后，王女士走到了正门前。 12 问：接着你做了什么？ 13 答：她被拘留羁押。 14 问：她是如何被拘留羁押的？ 15 答：我认为她在正门处被特工们 16 戴上了手铐。 17 问：你在那一刻做了什么？ 18 答：王女士被交到了我这里，我开始与 19 王女士交涉。 20 问：你是如何开始与王女士交涉的？ 21 答：我告知她我们持有逮捕令，针对她的 22 逮捕令，以及针对该住所的搜查令， 23 包括电子设备，然后我向她宣读了她的权利。 24 问：你是如何向她宣读她的权利的？ 25 答：我站在走廊里，照着一张卡片宣读的。O49FwanH 主询问 - 巴卡里\n\n1 问：在王女士身边的这个时刻，你是单独一人的吗？ 2 答：不是。 3 问：你还和谁在一起？ 4 答：另一名女性特工。 5 问：你刚才提到的其余特工去哪里了， 6 他们去哪里了？ 7 答：去公寓内部清查住所。 8 问：在你向王女士宣读权利后，她是如何反应的？ 9 答：很顺从，并且表现得好像听懂了一样。 10 问：王女士当时有没有向你要求请律师？ 11 答：没有。 12 问：王女士当时有没有告诉你她不想和你说话？ 13 14 答：没有。 15 问：王女士对你说了什么话没有？ 16 答：没有。在走廊里没有。 17 问：在走廊里向王女士宣读权利后，你有没有 18 要求她在外面作陈述？ 19 答：没有。在走廊里没有。 20 问：为什么没有？ 21 答：我想把她带进公寓内的 22 卧室里。 23 问：你为什么要带她进她公寓内的 24 卧室？ 25 答：我只是想让她感到稍微 1 舒适一点，而不是在外面 2 走廊里问她问题。 3 问：你为什么要让她更舒适？ 4 答：只是希望她愿意跟我交谈。 5 问：你和王女士以及另一名 6 女性特工在走廊里待了多久？ 7 答：几分钟。 8 问：然后你们接下来去了哪里？ 9 答：我们进了公寓，回到她的卧室。 10 问：你们是如何从走廊回到公寓里王女士的 11 卧室的？ 12 答：我们穿过正门，经过左手边的厨房， 13 然后直接去了卧室。 14 问：在从走廊走向卧室的过程中， 15 你看到了什么？ 16 答：在左侧厨房的厨房台面上 17 排着一排手机。 18 问：当你到达王女士的卧室时，除了你之外， 19 那个房间里还有谁？ 20 答：王女士和另一名女性特工。 21 问：巴卡里特工，你那天带武器了吗？ 22 答：是的，我带了。 23 问：当你站在走廊里给王女士宣读 24 权利时，武器在哪里？ 25 答：在我的枪套里。 1 问：当你带她去卧室时，武器在哪里？ 2 答：在我的枪套里。 3 问：那天早上你曾把它从枪套里拔出来过吗？ 4 答：我认为我没有。 5 问：当你和王女士以及另一名女性特工到达王女士的卧室时， 6 如果有的话，你看到了什么？ 7 答：我注意到王女士床边床头柜上 8 有一部手机。 9 问：接下来发生了什么？ 10 答：我问她这是不是她的手机，以及是不是她 11 每天使用的手机。 12 问：她是如何回答你的？ 13 答：她说是的。 14 问：你为什么要问王女士那是不是她的手机？ 15 答：因为我们持有针对电子设备的搜查令。 16 问：在王女士说那部手机是她的之后，你 17 接下来做了什么？ 18 答：我向她询问密码。 19 问：她给你了吗？ 20 答：给了。 21 问：她给了你什么密码？ 22 答：全是7，六个7。 23 问：你说的全是7是什么意思？ 24 答：777 -- 25 法庭：请稍等片刻。 1 你可以继续。 2 霍顿先生：谢谢法官阁下。 3 问：巴卡里特工，你作证说她给的密码是 4 全是7。 5 你能解释一下你是什么意思吗？ 6 答：777777。 7 问：在王女士告诉你 777777 这个密码之前，她是否曾要求 8 请律师？ 9 答：没有。 10 问：在王女士给你 777777 这个密码之前，她是否曾 11 告诉你她希望保持沉默？ 12 答：没有。 13 问：在她给你 777777 这个密码之后，接下来 14 发生了什么？ 15 答：我询问了她关于厨房里的手机，以及它们 16 是否也全都是她的。 17 问：你问她那个问题时你在哪里？ 18 答：在卧室里。 19 问：对于你关于厨房里手机的问题， 20 她是如何回答的？ 21 答：她说那些全都是她的手机，她是 22 中共（CCP）的难民，她的手机经常被 23 黑客入侵，这就是为什么她有那么多手机。 24 问：那你说——对于她 25 讨论厨房里所有的手机，你是如何回应的？O49FwanH 主询问 - 巴卡里\n\n1 答：我只是表示知悉了。 2 问：接下来你做了什么？ 3 答：我问王女士是否知道郭文贵先生（Mr. Miles Guo）那天 4 早上在哪里。 5 问：你接下来为什么要问那个问题？ 6 答：我认为，在那个时候，结合当天同时 7 进行的其他行动，我们仍然不确定郭先生 8 在哪里。 9 问：那是你第一次向她询问除手机以外 10 的问题吗？ 11 答：抱歉。你能重复一遍吗？ 12 问：那是你第一次向她提出关于她手机以外 13 的实质性问题吗？ 14 答：我想是的。 15 问：王女士回答你关于郭文贵的问题了吗？ 16 答：回答了。 17 问：她是如何回答的？ 18 答：我认为她只是说了没有，或者摇了摇头表示没有。 19 问：接下来你做了什么？ 20 答：我问王女士是否愿意和我们谈谈，给我作一份 21 陈述。 22 问：你当时为什么要问那个问题？ 23 答：她一直非常顺从，而且一直在说话，所以我 24 认为我当时可以尝试对她进行讯问。 25 问：当你问她是否愿意在那时与你交谈时， 25 她回答了吗？O49FwanH 主询问 - 巴卡里\n\n1 2 答：回答了。 3 问：她是如何回答的？ 4 答：她说，我想我希望能有我的律师在场。 5 问：在王女士说她想希望能有她的 6 律师在场之后。你是否还与她进行过任何进一步的实质性谈话？ 7 8 答：没有。 9 问：为什么没有？ 10 答：她在那个节点已经主张了权利，我们的重点会 11 转变为对她进行登记处理，带她下去进行押运 12 和登记处理。 13 问：为什么在她主张权利后你们的重点会改变？ 14 答：因为她在那个节点已经要求找律师了。 15 问：为什么你们的流程在那时会改变？ 16 答：因为在有人主张权利后继续进行 17 实质性谈话不符合我们的流程。 18 问：为什么不符合？ 19 答：因为那是米兰达权利（Miranda rights）的法律规定。 20 问：巴卡里特工，当你在王女士的卧室里与她 21 谈论手机时，你们用什么语言交谈？ 22 答：英语。 23 问：王女士是用什么语言回答你的？ 24 答：英语。 25 问：那天早上在王女士的 1 公寓里，是否有过王女士提供除你之前 2 提到的那个密码之外的另一个密码的情况？ 3 答：有的。 4 问：那第二个密码是什么？ 5 答：我不记得确切的密码了。 6 问：也是全是7吗？ 7 答：不是。 8 问：王女士是什么时候提供这另一个密码的？ 9 答：我不确切记得非7的密码是什么时候 10 给出的。 11 问：她是向谁提供那第二个密码的？ 12 答：另一名特工，那天早上的小组成员。 13 问：当王女士在她的卧室里向你 14 要求找她的律师时，那名特工在房间里吗？ 15 答：我认为不在；不在。 16 问：当王女士告诉你 777777 这个密码时，她是否已经 17 向你要求找律师了？ 18 答：没有。 19 问：当她给你 777777 这个密码时，她是否告诉过你 20 她希望保持沉默？ 21 答：没有。 22 问：那天早上刚开始你在走廊里和王女士在一起时， 23 她在那里向你要求找律师了吗？ 24 答：没有。 25 问：那天早上刚开始你和她在走廊里时， o49FwanH 巴卡里 - 反询问\n\n1 她是否告诉过你她希望保持 2 沉默？ 3 答：没有。 4 霍顿先生：谢谢法官阁下。 5 没有其他问题了。 6 法庭：反询问。 7 奎格利先生：好的，法官阁下。谢谢。 8 反询问 9 由奎格利先生进行： 10 问：早上好，巴卡里特工。 11 答：早上好。 12 问：你好吗？ 13 答：我很好。你好吗？ 14 问：很好。 15 毫无疑问，王女士在2023年3月15日 16 要求与律师交谈，对吗？ 17 答：是的。 18 问：毫无疑问，你那天向她索要了手机密码； 19 对吗？ 20 答：是的。 21 问：\n\n我想先回到搜查前一天，也就是 2023年3月14日？\n答：是的。\n问：当天你会见了将要执行执法行动的其他探员；对吗？\nBaccari（巴卡里）- 交叉盘问\n答：是的，我想是的。\n问：这些人是其他 FBI（联邦调查局）探员；对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：Effting（埃夫廷）探员在场吗？\n答：我想在，但我不能完全确定具体是谁主持的简报会。\n问：他在调查中承担什么角色？\n答：Effting 探员是主办探员之一。\n问：DiMarino（迪马里诺）探员在场吗？\n答：我想在；是的。\n问：DiMarino 探员在调查中承担什么角色？\n答：DiMarino 探员也是主办探员。\n问：你在调查中承担什么角色？\n答：我是 Effting 探员和 DiMarino 探员所在小组的小组成员。\n问：事实上，DiMarino 探员是针对 Wang（王）女士公寓的搜查令的宣誓人；对吗？\n答：我手头并不清楚这一点。\n问：好的。我们可以稍后再回到这一点。\n重新聚焦在 3月14日 的这次策划会议上，当时有一份针对王女士的逮捕令；对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：当时也有一份针对 Kwok（郭）先生的逮捕令；对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：而且这算是、将是一次复杂的行动；对吗？\nMR. HORTON（霍顿先生）：反对。\nMR. QUIGLEY（奎格利先生）：好的。法官阁下，我可以换个方式提问。\n问：包括你自己在内的探员当时计划前往王女士的公寓；对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：当时有探员计划前往 New Jersey（新泽西州）Mahwah（马瓦）的一处房产寻找郭先生；对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：当时有探员计划前往 Manhattan（曼哈顿）的 Sherry-Netherland（雪莉-尼德兰酒店）去寻找郭先生；对吗？\n答：对。\n问：当时有探员前往 Connecticut（康涅狄格州）Greenwich（格林威治）的一处住所寻找郭先生；对吗？\n答：当时也有探员前往康涅狄格州。是的。\n问：去寻找郭先生；对吗？\n答：我想是的。是的。\n问：当时有一份将在 Florida（佛罗里达州）执行的搜查令；对吗？\n答：我手头记不清了。\n问：当时有一份将在 Staten Island（斯塔滕岛）执行的搜查令；对吗？\n霍顿先生：法官阁下，反对。\n法庭：请上前。\n（在法官席前；记录外讨论）\n\n法庭：你提出异议是因为所有这些关于逮捕之前发生的事情的提问都不具相关性吗？\n霍顿律师（MR. HORTON）：我不认为这仅仅因为发生在逮捕之前就不具相关性。我的理解是，这超出了她所了解的认知范围，而且我认为他还没有证明她有理由知道他所说的事情。\n\n法庭：上一个问题涉及斯塔滕岛（Staten Island）。这就是你提出异议的原因吗？\n\n霍顿律师：这一连串的提问似乎正在偏离他此前向她询问的简报情况，并进入了一个她无法回答的领域。\n\n奎格利律师（MR. QUIGLEY）：法官阁下，如果她不知道，她就是不知道。关键在于那天发生了很多事情，我们希望查明她对搜查王女士（Ms. Wang）公寓的直接认知情况。\n\n他们还将根据从公寓、即郭先生（Mr. Kwok）公寓中发现的材料主张必然发现原则（inevitable discovery），所以我认为这具有相关性。18 19 20\n\n关于这方面的证据我没有更多问题了。我只是想询问有关实际搜查的规划情况。我接下来想进一步询问有关她在与王女士互动时的意图，以及对王女士公寓执行搜查的实际情况。21 22 23 24 25\n\no49FwanH 巴卡里（Baccari）- 盘问 法庭：基于该理由提出的异议被驳回，我将请法庭速记员向证人重新宣读该问题。（在公开法庭上） 法庭：异议被驳回。奎格利先生，请你重复一下这个问题好吗？ 奎格利律师：好的。 由奎格利律师继续发问： 问：在3月15日上午，针对这项调查，还计划在斯塔滕岛执行一份搜查令；对吗？ 答：我不记得了。 问：好的。当时有小组前往三处地点寻找郭先生，原因在于你们不确定他会在哪里；对吗？ 答：我的记忆中是这样的。是的。 问：好的。你们当时相当确定王女士会在哪里；对吗？ 答：是的。 问：在她位于曼哈顿（Manhattan）的公寓里。 答：是的。 问：当时郭先生在起诉书中已被指控？ 答：我认为是的。是的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23\n\n问：王女士在刑事起诉书中被单独起诉，与郭先生分开。你知情吗？\n问：你们在6点之前不能进去，对吗？\n答：对。对。\n问：根据第41条规则，你们只能在白天进入，而白天是从6点开始，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：可以说你们的小组直到早上6点才开始敲门，对吗？\n答：大约早上6点。\n问：那也是各小组前往康涅狄格州、雪梨荷兰酒店以及马瓦的其他地点的时间，对吗？\n答：我不记得他们具体的时间，因为我不在那些地点。\n问：你是否知晓他们获得了在早上6点前进入那些建筑物的任何授权？\n答：我不知道有夜间例外情况。\n问：好的。那将是一个例外，对吧？一个夜间例外。\n答：对。\n问：在你们于早上6点左右敲门之后，王女士过了几分钟才来开门，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：事实上，你或你的小组拨打了一个尾号为7455的电话号码，对吧？\n答：我现在不记得那个号码了。\n问：事实上，你们拨打了四个不同的电话号码，对吧？试图联系到她？\n答：我不记得打了多少个号码，但确实不止一个。\n问：你能看一下3501-18第1页吗？\n你手头有3500材料吗？\n答：还没有。\n问：你有了吗？\n答：还没有。噢，抱歉。是在我屏幕上显示吗？\nQUIGLEY（奎格利）律师：你们大家都有了吗？好的。\n我知道我们这里没有陪审团，但这只是为了证人和律师们。\n法官大人，我可以上前吗？抱歉。\n法庭：可以。\nQUIGLEY律师：谢谢。\n问：请看一下第1页底部的段落，告诉我这是否能唤起你对在王女士开门前你们拨打了多少个电话号码的回忆。\n答：好的。\n问：这能唤起你的回忆吗？\n答：我看到上面有四个号码。是的。\n问：所以你在王女士开门前拨打了四个号码？\n答：我相信上面是这么写的。是的。\n问：好的。所以在拨打那些号码之后过了一段时间，王女士来开门了，对吗？\n答：我不记得确切的时间线，也不记得她是否是在拨打其中一个电话期间来开门的，但大约是几分钟之后。\n问：嗯，你不是在她来开门之后才打的那些号码，对吗？\n答：不是之后。\n问：好的。并且她被要求走到走廊上？\n答：她被拘留了，是的，并且是从她公寓门口被带出来的。\n问：好的。所以她被带到了走廊里。\n答：是的。\n问：并且戴上了手铐。\n答：我相信她被戴上了手铐。\n问：而且她——毫无疑问她当时处于被逮捕状态，对吗？\n答：对。\n问：你几乎立即向王女士宣读了米兰达权利，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：是根据你随身携带的权利卡宣读的？\n答：是的。\n问：并且你告知了她有权在当局进行的所有提问中有律师在场，对吗？\n答：对。\no49FwanH Baccari（巴卡里） - 交叉询问\n问：好的。你几天前告诉政府方，这样做是“你的惯例”。\n你记得吗？\n答：是的。\n问：那是因为你当时并没有——撤回该问题。\n而且，你向她宣读米兰达权利是在6点05分，对吗？\n答：大约是。\n问：而在此时，你们明确将王女士拘留了，对吧？\n答：她此时已被FBI（联邦调查局）拘留。是的。\n问：这不仅仅是一次讯问，对吗？\n答：不是的，先生。\n问：她将被带到联邦广场26号进行登记处理，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：然后再移送法院，对吗？\n答：对。\n问：她刚走到走廊上时穿的是什么？\n答：我不确切记得她当时穿什么。\n问：她穿浴袍了吗？\n答：我不记得了。\n问：你打算把她带回她的公寓帮她穿好衣服，对吗？\no49FwanH Baccari - 交叉询问\n答：起初是为了尝试与王女士交谈。\n问：嗯，你不能让她穿着睡衣去法院，对吗？\n答：不能。\n问：所以如果她穿着睡衣，她就需要穿好衣服，对吗？\n答：确保她穿戴整齐开始这一天，这是我们的惯例。\n问：事实上，在你们进入她公寓的卧室后发生的事情之一就是：她穿好了衣服，对吗？\n答：在某个时刻；是的。\n问：因为她走到走廊时并没有穿戴整齐，对吧？\n答：我不记得王女士来到前门时是赤身裸体的。\n问：她没有穿戴整齐。她没有穿好去法院的衣服，对吗？\n答：我相信那是对的。是的。\n问：在你能把她带回公寓之前，其他探员必须先清查公寓，对吗？\n答：对。\n问：那是为了确保在你们和王女士一起回去之前公寓里没有危险物品，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：也没有武器，对吗？\n答：对。\n问：没有宠物，对吧？\n答：不一定是为了确保没有宠物，但执法清查包括探员确保人员重新进入是安全的。\n问：好的。事实上，你本该询问——在你逮捕王女士之后，你本该问她公寓里是否还有其他人，对吗？\n答：我不记得问过她那个。\n问：在探员进去清查之前，这是你的惯例吗？\n答：不总是。\n问：但你以前这样做过？\n答：我可能问过那些问题。我认为这很大程度上取决于现场情况中的诸多因素。\n问：但她很顺从，对吧？\n答：是的。她很顺从。\n问：在探员进入公寓之前，你难道不想知道公寓里是否有宠物或其他人吗？\nHORTON（霍顿）律师：反对，法官大人。\n法庭：反对无效。你可以回答。\n答：我们想知道吗？是的，但这并不一定意味着我们会问。探员们在她一走出公寓就进去了。\n问：但你本可能在……之前问那些问题——\nHORTON律师：反对，法官大人。\n法庭：好了。\n不要问所有这些假设性问题。\nQUIGLEY律师：好的。我换下一个问题，法官大人。\n问：那么随后探员们就进去对公寓进行了清查，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：并且他们没有发现任何其他人，对吧？\n答：没有。\n问：他们没有发现任何武器，对吗？\n答：我不记得有任何武器。没有。\n问：没有宠物，对吧？\n答：我不记得有任何宠物。\n问：好的。不过他们确实打翻了一个花瓶。\n你记得吗？\n答：我不记得。\n问：你记得探员们返回出来要毛巾吗，因为他们把水洒在了地板上？\n答：我现在坐在这里并不记得这件事。\n问：这事可能发生过。\nHORTON律师：反对。\n法庭：请别再提假设性问题了。没有必要。\nQUIGLEY律师：好的。\no49FwanH Baccari - 交叉询问\n问：你在主询问中作证说，你没有要求王女士在走廊里陈述，对吧？\n答：是的；对。我不记得有这回事。\n问：可以说几天前你与AUSA（助理联邦检察官）交谈时，你并没有那么肯定，对吗？\n答：抱歉。你能再问一遍吗？\n问：你几天前对助理联邦检察官说“我认为我不会要求她在走廊里陈述”，这不是真的吗？对吗？\n答：如果我真是那么说的话。我不确切记得我几天前说了什么。\n问：而你说你认为你没有要求她陈述的原因，是因为你并不是百分之百确定，对吧？\n答：不是。我认为这是因为我知道我的意图是带她回到里面尝试与她交谈，所以我没有真正的理由在外面走廊里做那件事。\n问：好的。嗯，其中之一——嗯，我们稍后再谈那个。\n但是她在不迟于早上6点15分时主张了获得律师协助的权利，对吗？\n答：大约是。\n问：在早上6点05分左右与你初次接触后的十分钟之内，对吗？\n答：大约是。\n问：我们是否可以看一下3501-17，它在活页夹里\nHORTON律师：反对，法官大人，反对在未说明向证人出示该证物的目的的情况下向其出示。\n法庭：请你们到前面来。\n（在法官席旁；不予记录的讨论）\n法庭：好的。这是什么？\nHORTON律师：这是来自该证人的一份3500材料，我的理解是，目前尚未确立存在记忆遗忘，不足以证明将她当面制作的讯问笔录直接摆在她面前是合理的。所以我提出了反对。\n法庭：这些是由谁制作的？\nHORTON律师：这些是由该证人制作的。\nSEBBAG（塞巴格）律师：这不是她制作的，是吗？噢，是的。\n法庭：这些笔记是由她制作的，而你想向她出示她的笔记。\n你是否声称她对其中的某些部分记不清了？\nQUIGLEY律师：不，法官大人。\n我认为它显示了一份关于时间线的即时记录。\n这是一次预审听证；联邦证据规则并不适用。\n即便如此，我也只是要梳理王女士何时主张权利的即时感知印象。\n我们之后也完全可以将其作为证物附在听证后的书面辩论意见中，但这里面非常清楚地表明她在6点05分被宣读了米兰达权利，并在6点15分主张了权利，我认为那个时间线至关重要。\n\n法庭：那么问题是什么？\n\nHORTON律师：对方律师刚刚说他出示该文件是为了确立即时感知印象。关于本文件于何时生成并没有事实基础，所以我只是想——\n\nQUIGLEY律师：这是一次关于可采性的预审听证。证据规则并不适用。我们可以将其作为证物附在听证后的书面辩论意见中，但我认为应当记入笔录，因为它确立了在与证人初次接触后不到——不超过十分钟的时间里，她就主张了获得律师协助的权利。\n\n法庭：我对她就该文件作证没有意见。\n\nQUIGLEY律师：谢谢您，法官大人。\n\n（在公开法庭上）\n\n法庭：反对无效。\n\n你可以继续。\n\nQUIGLEY律师：谢谢您，法官大人。\n\nQUIGLEY律师提问：\n\n问：Baccari（巴卡里）探员，你翻到3501-17了吗？\n\n答：翻到了。\n\n1 问：我提出将此件作为辩方证据 1。\n2 法庭：\n她需要验证该文件的真实性。\n3 问：Baccari（巴卡里）特别探员，你看过这份文件吗？\n4 答：\n看过。\n5 问：这是什么？\n6 答：我当天上午的笔记。\n7 问：这些是你于 2023年3月15日 所做的笔记？\n8 答：\n是的。\n9 QUIGLEY（奎格利）先生：\n法官阁下，我申请将该件作为辩方证据 1 提出，\n10 法官阁下。\n11 法庭：\n准予采纳。\n12 （被告证据 1 已作为证据被采纳）\n13 QUIGLEY 先生：\n谢谢法官阁下。\n14 由 QUIGLEY 先生继续发问：\n15 问：Baccari 特别探员，这些笔记显示——顶行写着\n16 Yvette Wang（王雁平）；对吗？\n17 答：\n对。\n18 问：紧接着下面一行写着“已宣读权利”；\n19 对吗？\n20 答：\n对。\n21 问：其左侧写着“约 6:05”；对吗？\n22 答：\n对。\n23 问：那意味着你向她宣读权利的估计时间是\n24 大约上午 6:05；对吗？\n25 答：对。\no49FwanH Baccari - 盘问\n1 问：如果你看其右侧，写着“主张\n2 估计——约上午 6:15”；对吗？\n3 答：对。\n4 问：所以那意味着她主张获得律师帮助的权利是在大约\n5 上午 6:15；对吗？\n6 答：大致是；是的。\n7 问：所以从你向她宣读权利到她主张获得律师帮助的权利之间，相隔\n8 不超过 10 分钟；\n9 对吗？\n10 答：对。\n11 问：而一旦她主张了获得律师帮助的权利，所有的讯问\n12 都应当停止；对吗？\n13 答：嗯，在当天上午余下的时间里，确实有些事情你是必须询问的。\n14\n15 问：是否——\n16 答：实体性讯问。\n17 问：关于她手机的提问是实体性\n18 问题吗？\n19 答：不是。\n20 问：不是。好的。\n21 答：抱歉。你能重复一下刚才的问题吗？\n22 问：在你看来，关于她手机的问题属于实体性问题吗，\n23\n24 答：是的。\n25 问：顺便问一句，这里并没有写明她是在哪里主张获得\n1 律师帮助的权利；对吗？\n2 答：没写。\n3 问：你还对各位 AUSA（联邦助理检察官）说过，即使 Wang 女士当时主张了\n4 获得律师帮助的权利，我可能仍然询问过那部手机是否属于她，因为我们有搜查令。\n5 你记得跟各位 AUSA 说过这些吗？\n6 答：记得。\n7 问：所以即使在她主张了获得律师帮助的权利之后，你可能还是向她问了一些关于手机的\n8 问题。\n9\n10 HORTON（霍顿）先生：反对。\n11 法庭：我驳回这项反对。\n12 请继续。你可以回答。\n13 答：我们持有针对属于 Wang 女士的手机的搜查令，因此如果我本人或其他特别探员确实问过，我\n14 认为那是为了核实那是否是她的手机。\n15 问：所以我觉得那并没有回答我的问题。\n16 那对我的问题算是一个肯定的回答吗？\n17 答：你能再重复一遍你的问题吗？\n18\n19 QUIGLEY 先生：我请求法庭书记官宣读\n20 记录。\n21 （宣读笔录）\n22 答：我不记得问过任何问题。\n23 问：但你有可能问过。\n24 HORTON 先生：反对。\n25 法庭：反对无效。\n1 但辩护律师，你这句“有可能”是基于笔记提出来的。\n2 QUIGLEY 先生：是的，法官阁下，基于她的 3500 材料。\n3 法庭：可以发问。\n4 由 QUIGLEY 先生继续发问：\n5 问：Baccari 特别探员，你告诉过各位特别探员即使\n6 Wang 女士当时主张了获得律师帮助的权利，他们可能仍会询问那部手机是否是她的，这难道不是事实吗？\n7\n8 HORTON 先生：反对，法官阁下。\n9 法庭：反对无效。\n10 答：抱歉。我告诉过那个探员。\n11 问：告诉过各位 AUSA 那一点吗？\n12 答：是的。我想我确实说过。\n13 问：好的。搜查本身实际上是在大约 6:18 开始的；\n14 对吗？\n15 答：我相信那可能只是开始拍摄进门现场照片的\n16 时间。\n17 问：好的。我们可以回头再谈这个。\n18 请看一下 3501-05。\n19 你认得这份文件吗，Baccari 特别探员？\n20 答：认得。\n21 问：这是什么？\n22 答：搜查 302 表格。\n23 问：我申请将 3501-05 作为辩方证据 2 提出？\n24 法庭：没有反对意见。\n25 HORTON 先生：法官阁下，能给我一点时间吗。\n1 问：所以是在搜查开始后大约 40 分钟？\n2 答：上面是这么写的。\n3 问：而在 6:18 到上午 7 点之间的整段时间里，特别探员们都在继续搜查该公寓；\n4 对吗？\n5 答：我不记得确切的事件顺序。我知道当时公寓里有人。\n6\n7 问：没有人决定说，咱们停下来吃个早餐吧。\n8 他们一直在继续搜查；对吗？\n9 HORTON 先生：反对，法官阁下。\n10 法庭：反对无效。\n11 答：我不确切记得何时完成进门拍照，以及\n12 搜查具体何时正式开始。\n13 问：但我们刚刚看到一份文件写着，进门照片是在\n14 6:18 拍摄的，随后开始搜查；对吧？\n15 答：是的。\n16 问：所以搜查是在大约 6:18 开始的；对吧？\n17 HORTON 先生：反对，法官阁下。该文件\n18 尚未采纳为证据。\n19 法庭：反对无效。你可以回答。\n20 答：进门拍照于 6:18 开始，在那之后的某个时间，\n21 搜查小组应该已经正式开始搜查了。\n22 问：他们在搜查过程中找到了多部手机？\n23 答：是的。\n24 问：而且他们一直在问 Wang 女士问题；对吗？\n25 答：谁在问？\n1 问：各位特别探员，执行搜查的特别探员。\n2 答：我不记得这个了。\n3 问：他们不是会周期性地走进卧室向\n4 Wang 女士提问吗？\n5 答：我不知道我是否会用“周期性”来形容。\n6 问：他们会走进卧室向 Wang 女士提问吗？\n7 答：我记得有一次。\n8 问：你告诉过任何人她已经主张了获得律师帮助的权利，我们\n9 不能跟她说话吗？\n10 答：我不记得那是什么时候发生的，是在 Wang 女士主张权利之前还是\n11 之后发生的。\n12 法庭：抱歉。你是说你不\n13 记得——你所说的不记得发生过的事情具体是什么？\n14\n15 答：有特别探员向 Wang 女士提问。\n16 问：好吧，我们已经确认搜查至少到\n17 6:18 才开始；对吗？\n18 答：进门拍照是在那时开始的。\n19 问：而搜查如果有开始的话，也是在之后；对吧？\n20 答：对。\n21 问：而 Wang 女士是在 6:15 主张权利的，对吗？\n22 答：大约是。\n23 问：当你在卧室里陪着 Wang 女士时，你一直都和\n24 她在一起；对吗？\n25 让我换个说法。\n1 当 Wang 女士在她公寓的卧室里时，你\n2 并非一直都和她在一起；对吗？\n3 答：在她身处该公寓的整个时间里？\n4 问：在她身处该公寓的整整 40 多分钟时间里，\n5 你并不是自始至终都在卧室里陪着她；对吗？\n6 答：是的。我认为我没有一直都在。\n7 问：因为你进进出出是为了查看\n8 这些其他行动的进展情况；对吗？\n9 答：有可能，是的。\n10 问：事实上，在当天上午的某个时候，你去了 Sherry-Netherland（雪梨尼德兰酒店）；\n11 对吧？\n12 答：我那天确实去了，但不是那天上午。\n13 问：好吧。\n14 而且你撰写了一份关于此次搜查的 FBI Form 302（联邦调查局302表格）；\n15 对吗？\n16 答：关于搜查的？\n17 问：对，关于在 Wang 女士公寓展开的行动。\n18 答：是的。\n19 问：那么，我想向证人出示 3501-16。\n20 法庭：好的。\n21 问：你认得这份文件吗，Baccari 特别探员？\n22 答：认得。\n23 问：这是什么？\n24 答：一份关于 Wang 女士的 302 表格。\n25 问：我申请将此件作为辩方证据 3 提出。\n1 法庭：有没有反对意见？\n2 HORTON 先生：没有反对。\n3 法庭：准予采纳。\n4 问：首先请看这份文件的第一段？\n5 这份文件的前两句话是按时间先后顺序\n6 排列的；对吗？\n7 答：是的。\n8 问：对，第一句话讲述了她是如何被捕\n9 并被找到的；对吧？\n10 答：对。\n11 问：第二句话说在逮捕之后，特别探员们\n12 清理了该住所现场；对吧？\n13 答：上面是这么说的，是的。\n14 问：对。所以第二句话在时间上发生在第一句\n15 话之后；对吗？\n16 答：是的。\n17 问：然后第三句话讲述了在住所现场\n18 清理完毕后，Wang 女士被带到了卧室区域；\n19 对吗？\n20 答：对。\n21 问：所以第三句话发生在第二句话之后；\n22 对吗？\n23 答：是的。\n24 法庭：那么，Quigley 先生，你是在询问\n25 第三句话在顺序上是否紧接在第二句\no49FwanH Baccari - 盘问\n1 话之后吗？\n2 QUIGLEY 先生：抱歉。我换个说法。\n3 法庭：好的。\n4 由 QUIGLEY 先生继续发问：\n5 问：就这些事件发生的时间而言，这份文件的\n6 前三句话是否都遵循了这些事件发生\n7 的时间先后顺序；对吧？\n8 答：是的。\n9 问：第一句话是最先发生的，对吧？第二句\n10 话是第二个发生的；对吧？对吗？\n11 HORTON 先生：反对，法官阁下。\n12 法庭：反对无效。你可以回答。\n13 答：等一下。要说事情是第一、第二、第三发生的，我\n14 只是想说清楚——就你所说的而言，那是相对按照\n15 时间顺序发生的。\n16 法庭：所以他是在问你这份文件\n17 是否陈述了确切的事件发生顺序。至少那是我的\n18 问题。你可以回答我的问题。\n19 证人：是整份文件还是——\n20 法庭：他一直在讨论的前三句话，\n21 是否陈述了按照时间先后顺序发生的实际事件\n22 顺序，还是没有。\n23 证人：它是相对按照时间顺序排列的，\n24 是的。\n25 法庭：我不明白你说的“相对”是什么意思\n\n含义。证人：我不记得除了这三句话之外是否还发生了其他事情，但这三句话是按时间顺序排列的。QUIGLEY 先生（MR. QUIGLEY）：问：在第四句话的开头写着：“Wang advised the cellular phone...（王表示该蜂窝电话……）”，那是在您回到公寓之后发生的，对吗？根据这份记录？答：是的。问：然后第五句话，第五句话反映——中间有一个分号——实质上是问了她是否愿意提供陈述，记录写着：“Wang advised at that point she would like to have her lawyer present.（王当时表示她希望有其律师在场。）”对吗？答：上面是这么写的，是的。问：然后在下面紧接着的下一段第二句写着：“Wang provided the phone's passcodes; right?（王提供了手机的密码；对吗？）”答：上面是这么写的，是的。问：然后在下面还包含了王女士（Ms. Wang）那天早上向您转述的其他信息；对吗？答：对。问：好的。你可以把那个拿下来了。你在直接询问中提到过，你以为另一名特工——你问了她关于你所描述的由 7 组成的密码。你还记得吗？1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n\n1 答：抱歉。你能换个方式问那个问题吗？\n\n2 问：抱歉。\n\n3 在 Horton 先生（Mr. Horton）询问你时，你作证说\n\n4 她向你提供了一些如你所描述的由 7 组成的密码；\n\n5 对吗？\n\n6 答：包含 7 的密码。\n\n7 问：对。然后你作证说，后来另一名特工\n\n8 向她询问了另一部密码不同的手机；\n\n9 对吗？\n\n10 答：我记得那个，是的。\n\n11 问：好的。那你是否记得上周告诉 AUSAs（联邦助理检察官们），\n\n12 你认为自己不太确定她是在主张权利之前\n\n13 提供了非 7 的密码？\n\n14 答：抱歉。你能再说一遍吗？\n\n15 问：你是否记得上周告诉检察官们，你\n\n16 “引述：不太确定她是在主张权利之前\n\n17 提供了那个非 7 的密码”？\n\n18 答：是的，我记得说过那个。\n\n19 问：那你是否也记得上周告诉 AUSAs，你\n\n20 认为更有可能的是她在 Cayman 特工（Agent Cayman）拿着手机时主张了权利，\n\n21 而我离开去打电话或与搜查组长交谈了？\n\n22 你记得上周告诉 AUSAs 这些吗？\n\n23 答：我不记得是那么说的，不。\n\n24 问：看一下 3501-1，看最底下一段以及\n\n25 最后一句话。这是否唤起了你的回忆，\n\no49FwanH Baccari - Cross\n\n1 即你曾那样告诉过 AUSAs？\n\n2 答：我不记得完全是那么说的，但上面\n\n3 确实是这么写的。\n\n4 问：好的。上面写着：“Think more than likely she invoked Agent\n\n5 Cayman with phone and I left to go make calls.（认为更有可能的是她在 Cayman 特工拿着手机时主张了权利，而我离开去打电话了。）”对吗？\n\n6 答：上面是这么写的，是的。\n\n7 问：而你并没有对任何其他特工说——\n\n8 HORTON 先生：反对。\n\n9 问：——检方，她撤销了其获得律师协助的权利，我们不能\n\n10 讯问她？\n\n11 法庭（THE COURT）：请上前。\n\n12 （续下页）\n\n（在法官席前；不记入正式庭审记录的讨论） 法官：为了让我了解清楚，我们现在看的这份文件是由证人撰写的吗。 奎格利（Quigley）律师：那是她与检察官进行准备会议时的记录。那些是检察官记下的关于她准备情况的笔记。 法官：那是检察官的笔记。好的。那么异议的理由是？ 霍顿（Horton）律师：异议的理由是他正在宣读一份未作为证据采纳的文件。用来唤起证人的记忆是一回事。而在那之后，他直接从该文件中宣读内容。它不是证据。证人没有提出该文件，也没有确认采纳它。 法官：好的。异议成立。（在公开法庭上） 奎格利律师进行询问： 问：你在今天作证之前查看过这些笔记吗？ 答：没有。 问：当另一名特工向她索要非全 7 的密码时，你是否对该特工说过王女士（Ms. Wang）已经主张了她的律师权？ 答：我不记得了。 问：你是否记得在 2023 年 3 月 15 日现场告诉过其他特工王女士已经主张了她的律师权？ 答：我不具体记得该信息是如何转达给在场的其他人的。\n\n问：不过你不记得曾经转达过吗？\n答：我没那么说。我只是不具体记得那天是如何向在场的其他特工转达该信息的。\n问：你记得转达过吗？\n答：我想是转达了，因为下一步就是开始押送程序，而那正是由于她主张权利所致。\n问：即便她在主张律师权后还在现场停留了 45 分钟？\n答：是的。\n问：好的。你说你是负责本次搜查的小队队长？\n答：小队队长？\n问：你是本次搜查的小队队长吗？那是你的——\n答：我是参与本次搜查的小队成员。\n问：那天发生了很多事情，对吧？\n答：那天执行了很多行动。\n问：并且你是否知道，由于王女士公寓内物品发现位置的问题，本次搜查已经导致政府必须向法院做出一次更正性披露？\n霍顿律师：反对，法官阁下。\n法官：异议成立。\n奎格利律师：法官阁下，我没有其他问题了。\n法官：再直接询问。\n再直接询问\n由霍顿律师进行：\n问：巴卡里（Baccari）特工，我想讨论一下 777777 这个密码。\n答：好的。\n问：在王女士向你提供那个 777777 密码之前，她向你要求过请律师吗？\n答：没有。\n问：你是在哪里向王女士宣读她的权利的？\n答：在她公寓门外的走廊里。\n问：她在走廊里向你要求过请律师吗？\n答：没有。\n问：她在走廊里说过她希望保持沉默吗？\n答：她没有说。\n霍顿律师：法官阁下，可以给我一点时间吗？\n法官：好的。\n（律师商议）\n霍顿律师：谢谢你，特工。我们没有其他问题了。\n法官：再交叉询问？\n奎格利律师：没有再交叉询问，法官阁下。谢谢。\n法官：谢谢你，巴卡里女士。\n证人：谢谢您，法官阁下。\n法官：你可以传唤下一位证人。\n霍顿律师：政府传唤特别特工杰西卡·卡德纳斯（Jessica Cardenas）。\n杰西卡·卡德纳斯，\n由政府方传唤作为证人，\n经依法宣誓，作证如下：\n法官：陈述你的姓名并拼写出来。\n证人：杰西卡·卡德纳斯（Jessica Cardenas）。J-E-S-S-I-C-A，C-A-R-D-E-N-A-S。\n法官：你可以发问了。\n霍顿律师：谢谢您，法官阁下。\n直接询问\n由霍顿律师进行：\n问：下午好，卡德纳斯（Cardenas）特工。\n答：下午好，先生。\n问：你在哪里工作？\n答：Federal Bureau of Investigation（联邦调查局，简称 FBI）纽约办事处。\n问：你在 FBI 的职务是什么？\n答：Special Agent（特别特工）。\n问：你担任特别特工多久了？\n答：18 年。\n问：你目前是否被分配到 FBI 的某个特定部门？\n答：是的。\n问：是哪个部门？\n答：Computer Analysis Response Team（计算机分析响应小组）。\n问：那也被称为 CART 吗？\n答：是的。\n\n问：什么是计算机分析响应小组？\n答：我们向纽约办事处提供技术支持，具体是针对各项调查提供数字取证支持。\n问：你能描述一下你在那里的工作职责范围吗？\n答：我为识别、收集和保全数字证据提供协助。\n问：你协助执行搜查令吗？\n答：是的。\n问：在执行搜查令时你的职责是什么？\n答：同样是识别、协助收集以及保全数字物品。\n问：你是否曾参与过对归郭文贵（Miles Guo）所有的场所进行搜查？\n答：是的。\n问：那是何时进行的搜查？\n答：2023 年 3 月 15 日。\n问：CART 使用了什么名称（如果有的话）来指代与那次搜查相关的 CART 案件？\n答：我没听懂你的问题。\n问：CART 是否曾使用某个名称来指代该次搜查所涉及的调查案？\n答：有的，抱歉：GTV。\n问：你参与的搜查发生在哪里？\n答：第五大道 781 号（781 Fifth Avenue）18 楼。\n\n问：第五大道 781 号是一栋什么样的建筑？\n答：酒店和住宅混合建筑。\n问：搜查是在该建筑内的什么位置进行的？\n答：18 楼的顶层公寓。\n问：那天你最初是如何到达那套顶层公寓的？\n答：驾驶我的政府公务车。\n问：到达后你去了哪里？\n答：停好车后，我最初驻守在大堂。\n问：你从那里又去了哪里？\n答：当时——行动开始执行大约 15 分钟后，无线电呼叫增派特工前往顶层公寓，那时我就上去了。\n问：你是如何从大堂上楼的？\n答：坐电梯。\n问：电梯门打开时你看到了什么？\n答：电梯门打开时，我注意到有两个人处于被拘留状态，正由 FBI 特工看守，还有一张桌子，上面放着几部手机。\n问：这都是在同一个房间里吗？\n答：是的。是进入顶层公寓之前的门厅区域。\n问：你作证说看到的处于被拘留状态的两个人是谁？\n答：郭文贵和他的助理杰森（Jason）。\n问：走出电梯后你做了什么？\n\n答：我走到桌子旁，拿起了那些手机。\n问：接下来你做了什么？\n答：我把那些手机调成了飞行模式；确保禁用了 Wi-Fi 并禁用了蓝牙。\n问：当时房间里还有谁和你在一起？\n答：我记得有特别特工尼古拉斯·德马里诺（Nicholas DeMarino），还有其他几名特工，但我不记得他们的名字了。\n问：在将手机调成飞行模式之后，你接下来做了什么？\n答：我等到顶层公寓完成清场排查后进入了公寓内部，并协助进行搜查。\n问：关于那些手机，你向任何人询问过什么情况吗（如果有的话）？\n答：我询问了数字密码。\n问：你问了谁？\n答：我只是向整个房间里、向门厅区域内的所有人提出了这个问题。\n问：有人回答你的问题了吗？\n答：是的。\n问：谁回答了你的问题？\n答：第一个回答的是郭文贵。\n问：他说密码是什么？\n答：777777。\n问：还有其他人回答你的问题吗？\n答：在我把第一部手机调成飞行模式后，我\n\n走向——我拿起第二部手机，再次向房间里所有人发问：密码是多少？\n问：有人回应了吗？\n答：是的。\n问：谁回应了？\n答：杰森。\n问：他是怎么回应的？\n答：提供了密码；777777。\n问：就你当时所知，这些密码适用于多少部手机？\n答：三部。\n问：你那天还参与了其他任何场所的搜查吗？\n答：只参与了 18 楼的顶层公寓。\n问：卡德纳斯特工，你在 GTV 案中还做过其他什么工作（如果有的话）？\n答：我处理了来自其他搜查地点的部分证据。\n问：在进行审查期间，CART 检验员之间是如何共享信息的（如果有的话）？\n答：有时通过电子通信或者对话——口头对话。\n问：会讨论哪些类型的事情？\n答：设备的数字密码、字符密码。\n问：是否曾有其他检验员向你询问过 GTV 案中的密码？\n\n答：是的。\n问：你能向法庭描述一下当时的情况吗？\n答：我当时正走在小队工作区，看到两台 iMac 电脑，我认出并认为它们来自顶层公寓，于是我走进了一个隔间区域——我同事的隔间区域，询问那些设备的处理进展如何。她说她无法访问它们，因为她没有密码。\n问：你是如何回应的？\n答：我说我认为那是来自 GTV 顶层公寓搜查的电脑，她应该试试那个密码。\n问：你建议她尝试哪个密码？\n答：777777。\n问：根据你参与 GTV 设备审查的情况，那是你在该案中所知晓的唯一密码吗？\n答：是的。\n霍顿律师：法官阁下，能否给我一点时间？\n（律师商议）\n霍顿律师：谢谢。我们没有其他问题了。\n法官：交叉询问。\n奎格利律师：好的，法官阁下。\n交叉询问\n由奎格利律师进行：\n问：早上好，卡德纳斯特工。\n\n答：下午好，先生。\n问：确实是下午好了。\n为了明确起见，王女士那天不在雪利荷兰酒店（Sherry-Netherland），对吗？\n答：王女士？我不认识王女士。\n问：你看到的唯一人员是郭先生（Mr. Kwok）和他的助理杰森，对吗？\n答：非 FBI 人员的话，是的。\n问：你作证说你询问了他们手机的密码，对吗？\n答：数字密码？\n问：在你问他们这些问题之前，你是否问过任何人他们是否已经主张了律师权？\n答：没有。\n问：你刚才还作证提到了与另一名检验员的碰面。\n那是在联邦广场 26 号（26 Federal Plaza）吗？\n答：是的。\n问：那是何时？\n答：我说不准。是在搜查结束几天后。\n奎格利律师：法官阁下，没有其他问题了。谢谢。\n法官：password（字符密码）和 passcode（数字密码）之间有什么区别？\n证人：法官阁下，passcode 通常代表全数字；而在我的理解中，password 可以是字母数字混合的，\n\nCART。\n问：你在 CART 工作多久了？\n答：大约八年。\n问：在加入 CART 之前你在做什么？\n答：我是 FBI 的实习生。\n问：在那之前你在做什么？\n答：我在上大学。\n问：你毕业并获得学位了吗？\n答：获得了。\n问：你的专业学位是什么？\n答：我拥有数字取证学理学学士学位。\n问：你目前在 CART 的职务是什么？\n答：我是一名数字取证检验员。\n问：你加入时就是这个职务吗？\n答：我加入时是一名见习数字取证检验员。\n问：你在 CART 接受过何种培训？\n答：作为 CART 认证程序的一部分，我们在计算机和手机方面接受各种培训，以从根本上完成认证程序，一旦完成培训，我们就会成为持证数字取证检验员。\n问：你获得认证了吗？\n答：获得了。\n问：你在 CART 督导其他人员吗？\n答：我不会说是督导，但我目前是一名见习人员的指导老师。\n\n问：你负责监督 CART 其他人的工作吗？\n答：我监督我的见习人员的工作。\n问：你审查过其他人的工作吗？\n答：审查过。\n问：你是否曾参与过 CART 内部被称为 GTV 的案件的设备审查？\n答：是的。\n问：你在该案中承担了什么角色（如果有的话）？\n答：我承担了行政管理角色，同时也承担了检验角色。\n问：说到这两项，行政管理角色具体包含哪些内容？\n答：那只是与办案特工进行来回沟通协调；\n\n有点像讨论截止日期、接收部分 CART（电脑分析响应小组，Computer Analysis Response Team）请求，并将这些请求分派给其他检验员。\n\n问：那您与探员沟通哪些方面的事情？\n\n答：就是数据量大小、出具提取数据和报告是否有任何截止日期，以及潜在的 PIN 码和密码。\n\n问：在 CART 案件中与探员进行这类沟通是常见的吗？\n\n答：是的。\n\n问：您是否熟悉被称为 CART 检验记录的东西？\n\n答：熟悉。\n\n问：您是怎么熟悉它们的？\n\n答：它们是我以及其他检验员在我们检验过程中所做的记录。\n\n问：一般而言，CART 检验记录记载了什么？\n\n答：检验记录记载了案件主管探员要求检验的物品，以及为检验这些设备所采取的步骤。\n\n问：CART 检验员是如何填写检验记录的？\n\n答：在检验期间，他们会在操作设备时记录下自己正在做的事情。\n\n问：检验记录会在 CART 内部共享吗？\n\n答：可以共享。\n\n问：出于什么目的可以共享？\n\n答：仅用于审查，或者如果出现疑问且需要另一位检验员解答，而有人不在办公室时，我们可以参考记录。\n\n问：CART 中是否有被称为移动设备解锁服务的部分？\n\n答：有的。\n\n问：那也被称为 MDUS（移动设备解锁服务）或 MBUS 吗？\n\n答：是的。\n\n问：MDUS 是做什么的？\n\n答：MDUS 是一项关于移动设备解锁或移动设备高级提取的请求。\n\n霍顿先生（MR. HORTON）：洛夫特斯女士（Ms. Loftus），能否请您向证人出示已标记为政府方证据 5（Government Exhibit 5）以供辨认的材料？\n\n问：沃尔奇科女士（Ms. Volchko），您能看到吗？\n\n答：能。\n\n问：您认得政府方证据 5 吗？\n\n答：认得。\n\n问：它是什么？\n\n答：这是我针对一项请求所做的检验记录。\n\n问：这些记录是否涉及 2023 年 3 月从 Yangpin Wang（王雁平）公寓扣押的部分设备？\n\n答：这些是从第 68 街一处公寓接收到的设备。\n\n霍顿先生：法官阁下，政府方提交政府方证据 5。\n\n奎格利先生（MR. QUIGLEY）：无异议，法官阁下。\n\n法庭（THE COURT）：予以采纳。\n\n（政府方证据 5 获准采纳为证据）\n\n由霍顿先生继续发问：\n\n问：CART 检验记录中是否说明了检验员是如何访问设备的？\n\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，能否请您翻到该文件的第 3 页？谢谢。\n\n问：沃尔奇科女士，请看页面顶部中间带有以 1B17 开头文字的灰色条，文件的这一部分描述了什么？\n\n答：该部分是我为检验物证 1B17 所采取的步骤。\n\n问：在标题为“移动设备检验”的单元格中，往下看大约三段：上面写着“设备未用 PIN 码锁定”。\n\n这是什么意思？\n\n答：这意味着当我收到设备并开机时，没有启用用户锁，所以我无需使用用户的 PIN 码即可解锁手机并访问设置以及查看设备的内容。\n\n霍顿先生：现在看第 3 页的底部，进入第 4 页的顶部，洛夫特斯女士，能否请您翻阅一下文件？谢谢。\n\n问：请看页面截断处正上方写着“MDUS 结果”，然后在下一页顶部写着“完整文件系统提取”的地方。什么是完整文件系统提取？\n\n答：那是对移动设备的完全提取。这基本上是我们可以从 iPhone 获取的最佳提取方式。\n\n问：这里的这个方框对这台特定设备指明了什么？\n\n答：这表明已完成完整提取。\n\n法庭：MDUS 代表什么？\n\n答：移动设备解锁服务（Mobile Device Unlock Service）。\n\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，能否请您再次显示政府方证据 5 的第一页？谢谢。\n\n问：沃尔奇科女士，现在请看标题为“法定职权审查”的文本框。您看到了吗？\n\n答：看到了。\n\n问：这个框指明了什么？\n\n答：这表明此项请求的法定职权是一份搜查令，而这是搜查令中被审查的信息。\n\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，能否请您向证人出示已标记为政府方证据 26 的材料？\n\n问：您能看到这份文件吗，沃尔奇科女士？\n\n答：能。\n\n问：您认得它吗？\n\n答：认得。\n\n问：它是什么？\n\n答：这是我针对此项 CART 请求审查过的搜查令。\n\n问：搜查令上是否有地址？\n\n答：有的。\n\n问：它与您检验记录上的地址一致吗？\n\n答：一致。\n\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，能否请您翻到政府方证据 26 的第 6 页？\n\n问：沃尔奇科女士，请注意看标题为“C. 解锁电子设备”的段落。\n\n这段话是什么意思？\n\n答：这允许使用生物识别技术，因此可以是面容 ID 或指纹来解锁移动设备。\n\n问：一般而言，什么是生物识别特征？\n\n答：它们是用户自身具备的、可用来解锁手机的特征，最常见的一些是指纹或其面部。\n\n问：搜查令上的这一段允许执法人员做什么？\n\n奎格利先生：反对。要求作出法律结论。\n\n法庭：请各位上前到法官席？\n\n（继续见下一页）\n\n（在法官席前；不记录在案的讨论）\n法庭：Quigley（奎格利）先生，我刚才没听清您说了什么。\nQUIGLEY 先生：抱歉。我刚才说这要求作出法律结论。他在要求她解释一份并非由她撰写的文书，但他尚未将该文书作为证据出示。\nHORTON（霍顿）先生：她作证说，她作为移动设备审查的一部分阅读了该内容。我很乐意询问她是怎样理解它的。\n法庭：我们讨论的是哪一部分？\nHORTON 先生：搜查令中有一部分授权执法人员使用生物识别技术。她审查了该搜查令，并审查了该段落，我只是想问她对该段落含义的理解。\nQUIGLEY 先生：法官阁下，生物识别技术就像打开——\n法庭：我很欣慰地表示我理解。\nQUIGLEY 先生：我认为“您的理解是什么”是值得提出异议的。这是什么意思是——\nHORTON 先生：我们很乐意重新组织问法。\n法庭：好的。\nHORTON 先生：谢谢法官阁下。\nQUIGLEY 先生：谢谢法官阁下。\n\n（在公开法庭）\n法庭：请重新组织提问。\n由 HORTON 先生发问：\n问：Volchko（沃尔奇科）女士，在开始设备审查之前，您是否阅读过这份搜查令？\n答：是的。\n问：那么您对该段落含义的理解是什么？\n答：它允许执法人员使用搜查生物识别特征来解锁设备，以代替使用 PIN 码。\n问：Volchko 女士，您此前是否审查过已预先标记为政府证据 6、7、8、21 和 27 的文件？\n答：是的。\n问：这些文件是否就是针对您今天上午作证时提到的同一地址查扣的设备所作的 CART（计算机分析响应小组）检验记录和 MDUS（移动设备提取服务）报告？\n答：是的。\nHORTON 先生：法官阁下，政府向法庭出示政府证据 6 至 8、21 和 27。\nQUIGLEY 先生：无异议。\n法庭：予以采纳。\n（政府证据 6、7、8、21 和 27 已作为证据采纳）\n由 HORTON 先生发问：\n问：Volchko 女士，在今天作证之前，您是否审查过一份关于就 GTV 案查获的设备的汇总图表？\n答：是的。\nHORTON 先生：Loftus（洛夫特斯）女士，请向证人展示已标记为政府证据 S-1 的文件。\n问：您能看到那份文件吗，Volchko 女士？\n答：能看到。\n问：您是否将汇总图表中的信息与政府证据 5 至 8、21 和 27 中包含的信息进行了比对？\n答：是的。\n问：该图表是否准确汇总了来自这些证据项的信息？\n答：是的。\nHORTON 先生：政府出示政府证据 S-1，法官阁下。\nQUIGLEY 先生：无异议。\n法庭：予以采纳。\n（政府证据 S-1 已作为证据采纳）\n由 HORTON 先生发问：\n问：Volchko 女士，最右边一栏，FBI（联邦调查局）的获取途径。关于本图表上的设备，该栏提供了什么信息？\n答：该信息说明了 PIN 码是如何获得或用于解锁设备的。\n问：此清单上的前五部设备是通过 PIN 码获取访问权限的吗？\n答：第二部是。\n问：它是通过输入 PIN 码获取访问权限的吗？\n答：不是，它是通过暴力破解 PIN 码获取访问权限的。\n法庭：这是什么意思？\n证人：这意味着可以使用一系列 PIN 码针对该设备进行测试，直到成功解锁该设备。\n由 HORTON 先生发问：\n问：Volchko 女士，什么是密码（passcode）？\n答：密码是——它可以是纯数字，也可以是字母数字组合，用于解锁或保护设备。\n问：这也可以被称为 PIN 码吗？\n答：可以。\n问：如果有的话，PIN 码与 FBI 对电子设备的分析有何关联？\n答：取决于设备的状态，是开机状态还是关机状态接收的，以及取决于设备上的加密类型，我们可能需要使用 PIN 码来访问数据。\n问：根据您在 CART 的培训和经验，您是否熟悉密码列表（passcode list）的概念？\n答：是的。\n\n问：那么您对密码列表（passcode list）的理解是什么？\n答：这些是由调查人员编制的可能 PIN 码，来源可能是其他数字证据物证，或者仅是从搜查令中观察到的，他们可以编制一份 PIN 码或密码列表，以便在设备上进行测试。\n问：然后是谁在使用这些密码列表？\n答：CART（计算机分析响应小组，Computer Analysis Response Team）可以使用这些列表上传到我们的工具之一——我们的一款高级提取工具中，以首先尝试这些 PIN 码。\n问：在您于 CART 工作的八年经验中，在设备审查中使用密码列表大约有多普遍——嗯，使用密码列表有多普遍？\n答：经常使用。\n霍顿先生（MR. HORTON）：洛夫特斯女士（Ms. Loftus），请向证人出示标为政府物证 2（Government Exhibit 2）的文件好吗？\n问：沃尔奇科女士（Ms. Volchko），您认得这份文件吗？\n答：认得。\n问：这是什么？\n答：这是我从一名专案特工那里收到的一封电子邮件。\n霍顿先生：政府方提请采纳政府物证 2。\n奎格利先生（MR. QUIGLEY）：无异议。\n法庭（THE COURT）：予以采纳。\n（政府物证 2 被采纳为证据）\n霍顿先生提问：\n问：沃尔奇科女士，这封电子邮件的主题是什么？\n答：GTV——最后一份搜查令及潜在密码/PIN 码。\n问：请看一下电子邮件中最后一组项目符号列表，上面写着对于 PIN 码，请先尝试全部由 7 组成的密码？\n答：是的。\n问：在您收到这封电子邮件时，如果有的话，您对这意味着什么有何理解？\n答：如果一台设备被 PIN 码锁定，且我们在没有 PIN 码的情况下无法提取数据，则尝试该 PIN 码来解锁该设备。\n问：在附件栏上方，第一个是：GTV 潜在密码和 PIN 码汇总。这是一个 Excel 文件。您见过该文件吗？\n答：见过。\n问：它是什么？\n答：那是一份包含潜在密码和 PIN 码的密码列表。\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，请向证人出示标为政府物证 2A 的文件好吗？\n问：沃尔奇科女士，这就是我们刚才看的那封电子邮件所附的文件吗？\n答：是的。\n霍顿先生：政府方动议采纳政府物证 2A。\n奎格利先生：无异议。\n法庭：予以采纳。\nO49FwanH 沃尔奇科 - 直接询问\n问：看您这封电子邮件的底部，您写道：我们目前没有针对 1B16 和 1B18 的暴力破解支持。这两个字母数字短语指什么？\n答：1B16 和 1B18 是证据物证编号。\n问：它们是手机吗？\n答：是的。\n问：下一句话说：这两台设备均查扣自东 64 街 188 号 1601 室（188 East 64th Street, apartment 1601）。如果您希望我针对两台设备都尝试 777777，请告知。沃尔奇科女士，您当时为什么建议该 PIN 码？\n答：因为该 PIN 码在潜在 PIN 码中，并且当时也有关于先尝试该 PIN 码的讨论。\n问：那些讨论是和谁进行的，专案特工吗？\n霍顿先生：法官阁下，能否给我一点时间？\n（律师商议）\n翻译员（INTERPRETER）：抱歉。法官阁下、各位律师，我是法庭翻译员。为了便于翻译，请稍微放慢语速好吗？谢谢。\n霍顿先生：洛夫特斯女士，能否请您再调出一次政府物证 S-1？\n霍顿先生继续提问：\n问：沃尔奇科女士，对于从 1B15 到汇总表底部的设备，是否使用了 PIN 码 777777 来获取对那些手机的访问权限？\n答：是的。\n霍顿先生：没有其他问题了。\n法庭：交叉询问。\n奎格利先生：好的。谢谢法官阁下。我们能保留该物证展示吗？\n交叉询问\n奎格利先生提问：\n问：下午好，沃尔奇科女士。\n答：下午好。\n问：仅参考政府物证 S-1，请您注意右侧栏：FBI 的访问手段。您在直接询问中就生物识别技术作了证。您记得吗？\n答：记得。\n问：这些设备中没有任何一台是通过生物识别技术进行访问的，对吗？\n答：我认为没有。\n问：该汇总表上肯定没有体现这一点，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：而且您甚至不知道 FBI 是否曾尝试使用生物识别技术来访问这些设备中的任何一台，对吗？\n答：可能在我审查的其中一项物证上有过。\n问：但您不知道？\n答：仅仅基于我收到部分物证时设备的状态。\n问：在您收到该物证时，它尚未被提取数据，尚未被提取，对吗？\n答：抱歉。您能——我没听懂这个问题。\n问：您收到了一台您认为 FBI 曾尝试通过生物识别方式进行访问的设备，对吗？\n答：关于它是否被成功访问，我无法确认是或否。\n问：好的。明白。我想看一下 GX-4，政府物证 4。能翻到第二页吗？您告诉特工埃夫廷（Agent Effting），我们目前没有针对 1B16 和 1B18 的暴力破解支持，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：而那些是从 64 街公寓查扣的物证，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：这些不是从马瓦（Mahwah）查扣的，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：它们不是从雪莉-尼德兰（Sherry-Netherland）查扣的，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：它们不是从康涅狄格州（Connecticut）查扣的，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：而且您传达了，如果要输入 PIN 码，第一次就尽量输对 PIN 码是很重要的，对吗？\n答：我想说对于尝试输入 PIN 码，我们应该有相当大的把握确定那可能是正确的 PIN 码。我们不应该随随便便尝试 PIN 码。\n问：对，因为您在第三句话中说：需要注意的是，不成功的 PIN 码尝试始终存在使设备永久停用或被擦除的风险。对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：而且您询问了特工埃夫廷他希望如何进行，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：顺便问一下，特工德马里诺（Agent DeMarino）也在这个邮件链中，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：他是其他专案特工之一？\n答：是的。\n问：我们能否向上滚动到邮件链中的下一封邮件？特工埃夫廷说：嗨，杰斯（Jess）。请尝试那些 PIN 码。如果不奏效，请告诉我，我会提供另一个选项供我们尝试。您看到了吗？\n答：看到了。\n问：在给您该信息时，您不知道特工埃夫廷掌握有关东 64 街搜查的何种信息，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：您无从知晓来自该搜查的信息是否影响了他让您继续进行的决定，对吗？\n答：是的。\n奎格利先生：我们可以撤下该物证了。\n法庭：当您使用“支持”这个词时，您是什么意思？\n证人（THE WITNESS）：取决于您是否是指暴力破解支持。\n法庭：对。\n证人：取决于设备的型号和操作系统，我们可能没有能够解锁设备或尝试暴力破解设备的工具。因此，随着苹果（Apple）和其他移动设备更新其软件，我们可能会拥有支持，然后又因新的操作系统版本而失去支持。\n奎格利先生继续提问：\n问：您知道暴力破解并不——目前对 iPhone 12 或更新版本没有暴力破解能力，对吗？\n答：是的。\n问：顺便问一下，1B16 到 1B21 的提取工作是您做的吗？\n答：是的。\n问：提取那些设备花了六个多月的时间，这是对的吗？\n答：我不记得确切的时间范围了。\n问：我们能看一下 3503-06 并滚动到第二页吗？可能花了六个月吗？\n答：有可能。\nO49FwanH 伊索尔达 - 直接询问\n答：我在 CART 工作了大约四年半。\n问：您在 CART 的任何特定部门工作吗？\n答：是的。我同时也在一个名为移动设备解锁小组（Mobile Device Unlock Team）的独立团队工作。\n问：那也叫 MDUS 吗？\n答：是的。\n问：您在 MDUS 的职责是什么？\n答：MDUS 的职责包括解锁手机、对手机进行数据提取，以及处理损坏的设备或对手机进行更高级别的数据提取。\n问：术语“暴力破解”（brute force）是什么意思？\n答：暴力破解是法医取证工具中的一种功能，我们的一些软件允许针对设备或文件进行密码猜测。\n问：通常来说，那是如何运作的？\n答：该工具——暴力破解工具会尝试每一个可能的密码。例如，一个六位数的密码有 100 万种可能的尝试，因此它会尝试所有 100 万次尝试，直到找到正确的密码。\n问：如果没有暴力破解工具，会发生什么？\n奎格利先生：反对。不明确。\n法庭：请稍等。（停顿）抱歉。反对理由是？\n奎格利先生：我撤回该问题。\n法庭：好的。\n霍顿先生提问：\n问：所有手机都可以被暴力破解吗？\n答：不能。\n问：由什么决定 FBI 是否能够通过暴力破解访问设备？\n答：这高度取决于手机的型号以及手机上运行的软件。\n问：您有使用暴力破解技术的经验吗？\n答：有的。\n问：伊索尔达先生（Mr. Isolda），在准备今天出庭作证的过程中，您审查了任何实物设备吗？\n答：审查了。\n问：其中是否包括标有 1B70 和 1B71 的手机？\n答：是的。\n问：在那些设备上，如果有的话，您审查了什么信息？\n答：我核实了设备的型号，以及设备上运行的 iOS 版本。\n问：根据您的培训和经验，如果有的话，您对 FBI 通过暴力破解访问手机 1B70 的能力得出了什么结论？\n答：结合型号和 iOS 版本，1B70 是可以被暴力破解的。\n法庭：抱歉。当前型号的组合？您那是什么意思？\n证人：型号的组合，结合该特定设备上的软件。\n霍顿先生继续提问：\n问：您获取了关于 1B71 的相同信息吗？\n答：是的。\n问：根据您的培训和经验，如果有的话，您对 FBI 通过暴力破解访问手机 1B71 的能力得出了什么结论？\n答：1B71 同样具有被暴力破解的能力。\n问：为什么？\n答：因为型号和 iOS 版本。\n问：什么是生物识别技术？\n答：具体针对什么？\n问：在移动设备的语境下，什么是生物识别技术？\n答：生物识别技术是一种解锁手机的方式。例如，一些较新的应用程序/设备具有一种称为面容 ID（Face ID）的功能，您可以用面部解锁手机。其他手机具有触控 ID（Touch ID），您可以用指纹解锁手机。\n问：您能确定某台特定设备是否启用了生物识别功能吗？\n答：可以。\n问：您会如何确定？\n答：有几种不同的方法。锁定屏幕上的一些措辞可以表明是否启用了生物识别功能。另一种您可以快速判断的方法是进入设备的设置，查看生物识别设置以了解其是否启用。\n问：在准备今天出庭作证的过程中，您审查了标为 1B15 的设备吗？\n答：审查了。\n问：那是一台 iPhone 吗？\n答：是的。\n问：您审查了有关该设备的什么信息？\n答：我确认了该设备上启用了生物识别功能。\n问：您是如何确定的？\n\n证人：我进入了该手机的设置，并核实了该设备上启用了生物识别，具体是面容 ID（Face ID）。\n\nMR. HORTON（霍顿律师）：法官阁下，能否容我片刻？\n\n（律师商议）\n\nMR. HORTON（霍顿律师）：谢谢你，Mr. Isolda（伊索尔达先生），法官阁下，我们没有其他问题了。\n\n法庭：交叉询问。\n\nMR. QUIGLEY（奎格利律师）：谢谢法官阁下。\n\n交叉询问\n\n由 MR. QUIGLEY（奎格利律师）进行：\n\n问：下午好，Mr. Isolda（伊索尔达先生）。\n\n答：下午好。\n\n问：刚才有人问了你一些关于 1B70 的问题。你还记得吗？\n\n答：记得。\n\n问：并且有人问了你是否审查过该手机是否可以被暴力破解；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：直到今天准备作证之前，你都没有进行过该项分析；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：那是在过去几周内？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：你知道具体大概是什么时候吗？\n\n答：那是今天早上。\n\n问：还有 1B71，直到你知道今天将要作证之后，你才对该手机进行了任何分析；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：你是什么时候进行那项分析的？\n\n答：那也是今天早上。\n\n问：还有 1B15，直到你知道今天将要作证，你才对该手机上的生物识别进行了任何分析；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：那是什么时候？\n\n答：那是昨天。\n\n问：这些手机现在被扣押已经超过一年了吧？\n\n答：我不确定它们是什么时候被扣押的。\n\nMR. QUIGLEY（奎格利律师）：请稍等片刻，法官阁下？ 049FwanH Isolda - 交叉询问\n\n（暂停）\n\n问：顺便问一下，你刚才就暴力破解功能作了一点证词；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：即使一部手机具备通过使用暴力破解来解锁的能力，也会有各种变量影响这一过程需要多长时间；对吗？\n\n答：对的。\n\n问：你亲眼见过一部手机解锁最长耗时多久？\n\n答：就我个人而言？\n\n问：你听说过一部手机解锁最长耗时多久？\n\n答：我听说过的手机解锁最长时间，如果我没记错的话，花了三年才破解进去。\n\n问：你知道是否有人分析过，在等待手机解锁的这三年里一直扣留手机是否合理？\n\nMR. HORTON（霍顿律师）：反对，法官阁下。\n\n法庭：反对成立。\n\nMR. QUIGLEY（奎格利律师）：法官阁下，没有其他问题了。\n\n法庭：有无再直接询问？\n\nMR. HORTON（霍顿律师）：法官阁下，我们没有问题了。\n\n法庭：好的，先生。谢谢你。你可以退庭了。\n\n询问索引\n\n接受询问人： 页码\n\nMELISSA BACCARI（梅丽莎·巴卡里）\n主询问 由霍顿律师进行 3\n交叉询问 由奎格利律师进行 14\n再直接询问 由霍顿律师进行 45\n\nJESSICA CARDENAS（杰西卡·卡德纳斯）\n主询问 由霍顿律师进行 46\n交叉询问 由奎格利律师进行 51\n\nJESSICA VOLCHKO（杰西卡·沃尔奇科）\n主询问 由霍顿律师进行 53\n交叉询问 由奎格利律师进行 69\n再直接询问 由霍顿律师进行 74\n\nCHRISTIAN ISOLDA（克里斯蒂安·伊索尔达）\n主询问 由霍顿律师进行 75\n交叉询问 由奎格利律师进行 79\n\n政府方物证\n物证编号 采纳页码\n5 .57\n6、7、8、21 和 27 .62\nS-1 .63\n2 .65\n2A .67\n4 .67\n\n被告方物证\n物证编号 采纳页码\n1 .30\n2 .34","key_entities":["Horton","Je","Kwok","GTV","CIPA","Guo","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","Fergenson","Murray","Finkel","Torres","Analisa Torres","CCP"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":20693,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-04-22 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-04-22","updated_at":"2026-08-23 08:53:20"}