{"id":"court_sdny_625_0","court":"SDNY","case_no":"23-cr-00118","doc_number":625,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"ORDER","filed_date":"2025-04-05","title":"UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK UNITED STATES OF AMERICA","summary_zh":"第三方没收财产诉讼 — 美国诉 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵 / Guo Wengui / Miles Guo）案，SDNY 1:23-cr-00118 ECF #625（2025年4月立案）。请愿人声称已被冻结资金为其在 Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC 投资的一部分，要求法院确认其权益优于被告 Yvette Wang，并下令立即返还资金及诉讼费用。","summary_en":"Third-party petition to adjudicate forfeited property interest — United States v. Ho Wan Kwok (Guo Wengui / Miles Guo), SDNY 1:23-cr-00118, ECF #625 (filed April 2025). Petitioner contends that seized funds constitute part of their investment in Hamilton Opportunity Fund, seeks court confirmation that petitioner's interest is superior to defendant Yvette Wang's, and requests immediate return of property and recovery of attorneys' fees.","body_en":"# UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK\n\n# UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\n\n- v. -\n\nYVETTE WANG a/k/a \"Yanping,\" a/k/a \"Y,\"\n\nDefendant.\n\n**THIRD-PARTY PETITION TO ADJUDICATE PETITIONER'S INTEREST IN FORFEITED PROPERTY AND TO AMEND THE PRELIMINARY ORDER OF FORFEITURE - VERIFIED CLAIM OF**\n\nS4 23 Cr. 118 (AT)\n\nPetitioner (\"Petitioner\") files this Third-Party Petition to Adjudicate Petitioner's Interest in Forfeited Property and to Amend the Preliminary Order of Forfeiture, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 853(n) and Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.2(c) (the \"Petition\"). Petitioner seeks the return of funds in which Petitioner has a legal right, title, and/or interest (\"Petitioner's Property\") (as more fully defined below) and that the United States Government (the \"Government\") improperly seized as part of an order of forfeiture entered into with Defendant Yvette Wang (\"Defendant Wang\"). Specifically, Petitioner's Property was improperly seized by the Government when the Government seized all the funds in bank account number 5090042770 at Silvergate Bank held in the name of Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC (\"Account 2770\"). However, any order of forfeiture reaching the funds in Account 2770, including Petitioner's Property, was unlawful and improper as Defendant Wang has no legal right, title, or interest in either Account 2770 or Petitioner's Property. The Forfeiture Order (as more fully defined below) is therefore rendered invalid as to Petitioner's Property because right, title, or interest in Petitioner's Property was vested in the Petitioner rather than Defendant Wang, and was superior to any right, title, or interest of Defendant Wang at the time of the commission of the acts that gave rise to the Forfeiture Order (as defined below). As such, this Court should amend the Forfeiture Order to remove Petitioner's Property from the Forfeiture Order and order that the Government immediately return Petitioner's Property to Petitioner. In support of Petitioner's claim, Petitioner states as follows:\n\n## **I. PRELIMINARY STATEMENT**\n\nIt appears that the funds in Account 2770, including Petitioner's Property, were purely \"collateral damage\" in the Government's seizure of assets prior to its prosecution of Defendant Wang and Miles Guo (\"Defendant Guo\"). It has been over two and a half years since the seizure of Account 2770, and in that time span, there has never been any explanation as to how Account 2770 (including Petitioner's Property) is related to any of the offenses to which Defendant Wang pled guilty, a necessary prerequisite to a valid forfeiture order under the law. There was never any showing that any proceeds of any unlawful activity to which Defendant Wang pled guilty were ever deposited in Account 2770; no showing that any proceeds of such activity were ever commingled with Petitioner's Property; and, indeed, no showing that Defendant Wang ever had anything to do with Account 2770 or even knew of its existence.\n\nAs will be shown below, Petitioner is a beneficiary of a constructive trust over Petitioner's Property and Petitioner's Property cannot be seized by the Government in this case. Neither Defendant Wang, nor the Government who now stands in her shoes, have ever demonstrated that they have any interest whatsoever in Petitioner's Property in Account 2770 or in Account 2770 in general. While Defendant Wang consented to the forfeiture of \"all her right, title, and interest\" in Account 2770 (and thus, Petitioner's Property) in the Forfeiture Order (ECF No. 488 at 2-3), her consent has no legal bearing as to Account 2770 or Petitioner's Property. Defendant Wang never had such \"right, title, and interest\" in Account 2770 – there is no evidence that she was a signatory on Account 2770, ever deposited money into Account 2770, or otherwise had any control over Account 2770, and there is no evidence that Defendant Wang ever directed anyone, directly or indirectly, to deposit any money into Account 2770. Defendant Wang cannot forfeit property that she does not own, and in which she has no interest. In fact, it appears that the Court never established that Petitioner's Property is even subject to forfeiture in the first instance, as required by Fed.R.Crim.P. 32.2.(b)(1)(A).\n\nFor all the foregoing reasons, and for the reasons demonstrated below, Petitioner respectfully requests that this Court: (1) grant this Petition; (2) amend the Forfeiture Order to exclude Petitioner's Property; (3) order the immediate return of Petitioner's Property to Petitioner; (4) order that Petitioner is entitled to recover Petitioner's attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with this Petition and grant Petitioner leave to submit an application for such attorneys' fees and costs; and (5) grant such and other relief that is necessary and just.\n\n## **II. BACKGROUND FACTS**\n\n## **A. Petitioner's Property**\n\n1. Archiwoods Investment Value Fund (\"Archiwoods\") prepared an Information Option Memorandum (the \"Option Memorandum\"), dated February 14, 2022, outlining an investment opportunity in the Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC (\"Hamilton Opportunity Fund\"), a Cayman Islands Segregated Portfolio Company. Archiwoods gave this Option Memorandum to prospective investors, including Petitioner. A true and correct copy of the Option Memorandum is attached hereto as **Exhibit A.**\n\n2. Investing in the Hamilton M&A Fund SP (the \"M&A Fund\"), was \"identified by the investment manager with a view to high value creation and long-term capital gain.\" **Exhibit A**, Option Memorandum at 4. The Investment Manager (defined as \"Archiwoods Investment Management Pty Ltd\" in the Option Memorandum) had identified an opportunity to invest in a\n\nbank (the \"Investment Strategy\"), Exhibit A, at 4, 8, and solicited investments, including from Petitioner, to take advantage of this opportunity.\n\n3. The Option Memorandum offered Petitioner an opportunity to acquire Class B Shares attributed to the M&A Fund, a segregated portfolio of Hamilton Opportunity Fund . A true and correct copy of the standard Offering Memorandum provided by the Hamilton Opportunity Fund to potential investors in the M&A Fund, dated January 20, 2022, is attached hereto as **Exhibit**\n\n**B**.\n\n4. Defendant Wang was not a director or member of, and otherwise lacked any corporate or equity interest in, the M&A Fund, the Hamilton Opportunity Fund, or Archiwoods. The evidentiary record is devoid of any evidence to the contrary.\n\n5. Defendant Wang did not make any investments in the M&A Fund or Archiwoods; again, the evidentiary record is devoid of any evidence to the contrary.\n\n6. Prior to May 31, 2022, Petitioner submitted an application to invest in Archiwoods and agreed to invest \\$441,000.00. Petitioner's agreement to invest this sum was on the express condition that the entirety of the investment would be used to purchase shares in the M&A Fund. On May 31, 2022, Petitioner received confirmation of their investment in Archiwoods. A true and correct copy of Petitioner's investment confirmation is attached hereto as **Exhibit C.**\n\n7. On February 10, 2022, pursuant to the terms of the Option Memorandum, Petitioner wired \\$450,000.00 (the \"Petitioner Property\") to a bank account belonging to Archiwoods. A true and correct copy of Petitioner's wire information is attached hereto as **Exhibit D**.\n\n8. Pursuant to the terms of the Option Memorandum, Archiwoods entered into an agreement with Hamilton Opportunity Fund, acting on behalf of the M&A Fund. Upon\n\ninformation and belief, Archiwoods invested a monetary sum (including the entirety of Petitioner's Property) with the Hamilton Opportunity Fund for the acquisition of Class B shares in the Hamilton M&A Fund SP, a Segregated Portfolio of Hamilton Opportunity Fund.\n\n9. Upon information and belief, Archiwoods wired its full investment amount (including Petitioner's Property) into Account 2770, which is the only account in which Hamilton Opportunity Fund held funds meant for the acquisition of Class B Shares.\n\n10. The Offering Agreement that all investors sign and that governs the terms of his or her investment into the Hamilton Opportunity Fund (including the M&A Fund), entitles investors to redeem their shares at the investor's option. **Exhibit B**, at 17; *see also id.* at 53 (stating that subject to certain limitations, \"Class B Shares may be redeemed at the option of the Shareholder on any Redemption Day\"). In turn, Petitioner had the right to redeem his investment with Archiwoods at the end of the investment term (the \"Right of Redemption\"). **Exhibit A**, at 4-5.\n\n11. The assets of each segregated portfolio of the Hamilton Opportunity Fund are \"kept segregated, separate and separately identifiable from those of any other segregated portfolios of the Fund and any general assets of the Fund.\" *See* **Exhibit B**, at 12; *see also* **Exhibit A**, at 4. In addition, pursuant to the laws of the Cayman Islands, it is the duty of Hamilton Opportunity Fund to \"segregate, and keep segregated, portfolio assets of each segregated portfolio separate and separately identifiable from segregated portfolio assets of any other segregated portfolio.\" **Exhibit B**, at 22-23 (citing The Companies Act (Revised) of Cayman Islands, Part XIV, 219(6)(b)).\n\n## **B. Seizure of Account 2770**\n\n12. On September 18, 2022, the Government seized the entire balance of the funds in Account 2770, which included Petitioner's Property.\n\n13. To date, there are no documents available publicly as to what probable cause the Government had to seize the funds in Account 2770.\n\n# **C. The Criminal Case Against Defendant Wang and Defendant Guo and the Forfeiture Order**\n\n14. On March 6, 2023, the Government filed an indictment against Defendant Wang and Defendant Guo, and a third defendant, William Je, who has never been arraigned. ECF No. 2.\n\n15. On May 3, 2024, the Government filed a superseding information (the \"Superseding Information\") against Defendant Wang. ECF No. 325. The Superseding Information charged Defendant Wang with one count of Conspiracy to Commit Wire Fraud (Count I) (Superseding Information at 1-2) and one count of Conspiracy to Commit Money Laundering (Count II) (Superseding Information at 2-4). The Superseding Information also contained a Forfeiture Allegation (the \"Forfeiture Allegation\"). Superseding Information at 4.\n\n16. On the same day, May 3, 2024, Defendant Wang pled guilty to Count I and Count II as charged in the Superseding Information.\n\n17. Also on May 3, 2024, this Court entered a Consent Preliminary Order of Forfeiture as to Specific Property/Money Judgment (\"Original Forfeiture Order\"). ECF No. 329.\n\n18. In the Original Forfeiture Order, Defendant Wang consented to forfeit, \"all *her*  right, title, and interest in\" certain assets, including Account 2770, because such property \"constitute[ed] proceeds of the offenses charged in Count One that the Defendant personally obtained and/or property involved in offense charged in Count Two of the [Superseding] Information.\" Original Forfeiture Order at 2-6 (emphasis added).\n\n19. Defendant Guo did not plead guilty to any of the offenses charged against him. Accordingly, a jury trial was held between May 22, 2024 and July 16, 2024 (the \"Guo Trial\"). On July 16, 2024, the jury found Defendant Guo guilty of racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud, conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to commit securities\n\nfraud, securities fraud, wire fraud, and money laundering. ECF No. 395. As of the date of this Petition, Defendant Guo has not yet been sentenced.\n\n20. On January 6, 2025, Defendant Wang was sentenced.\n\n21. On January 7, 2025, this Court entered a Consent Preliminary Order of Forfeiture as to Specific Property/Money Judgment (the \"Forfeiture Order\") ECF No. 488. As it pertains to Petitioner, the Forfeiture Order is substantially similar to the Original Forfeiture Order in all material respects. In the Forfeiture Order, Defendant Wang consented to forfeit, \"all *her* right, title, and interest in\" certain assets, including Account 2770, because such property \"constitute[ed] proceeds of the offenses charged in Count One that the Defendant personally obtained and/or property involved in offense charged in Count Two of the [Superseding] Information.\" Forfeiture Order at 2-11 (emphasis added).\n\n22. The assets in Account 2770 are described in both the Original Forfeiture Order and the Forfeiture Order as follows:\n\n> \\$89,992,861.75 in United States currency formerly on deposit in account number 5090042770 at Silvergate Bank, held in the name of \"Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC\" and seized by the Government on or about September 18, 2022 (23-FBl-000074).\n\nOriginal Forfeiture Order at 3; Forfeiture Order at 3.\n\n# **III. ARGUMENT**\n\n23. In an ancillary criminal forfeiture proceeding pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 853(n) and Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.2(c)(1), this Court must determine, by a preponderance of the evidence, whether a petitioner has a legal right, title, or interest in the property to be forfeited, and whether such right, title, or interest renders the order of forfeiture invalid, in whole or in part, because such interest was vested in the petitioner rather than the defendant, or was superior to any right, title, or interest of the defendant at the time of the commission of the acts which gave rise to the forfeiture of the property. *See* 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A).\n\n24. Here, Petitioner has a legal right, title, or interest in Petitioner's Property pursuant to 21 U.S.C. §853(n)(6)(A) by virtue of a constructive trust over such property. Moreover, Petitioner's interest in Petitioner's Property was both vested in Petitioner and was superior to any right Defendant Wang had in Petitioner's Property because Defendant Wang had **no** legal right, title or, interest in either Petitioner's Property or Account 2770. In other words, Defendant Wang could not forfeit her interest in Account 2770 because she had no interest that was properly subject to criminal forfeiture. Accordingly, the Forfeiture Order should be modified to remove Petitioner's Property, and Petitioner's Property should be returned to Petitioner.\n\n# **A. The Government Failed to Demonstrate that the Funds in Account 2770, Including Petitioner's Property, Were Properly Subject to Forfeiture in the First Instance, Making the Forfeiture Order Improper as to Such Funds**\n\n25. The Government has no legal cause to retain Petitioner's Property because there is no evidence that the Government has ever demonstrated that Petitioner's Property, and Account 2770 in general, is actually forfeitable property, as required by Fed.R.Crim.P. 32.2.(b)(1)(A).\n\n26. \"When the government seeks to obtain an order of forfeiture, 'Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32.2(b)(1) ... requires the sentencing court to determine what property is subject to forfeiture under the applicable statute.”’” *U.S. v. Watts*, 786 F.3d 152, 172 (2d Cir. 2015) (citing *U.S. v. Capoccia*, 503 F.3d 103, 109 (2d Cir.2007)). Pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P. 32.2, \"if the government seeks forfeiture of specific property, the court *must* determine whether the government has established the requisite nexus between the property and the offense.\" Fed.R.Crim.P. 32.2.(b)(1)(A) (emphasis added); *Watts*, 786 F.3d at 172. \"At various points in the proceedings, *the government bears the burden of proving this legal conclusion* to varying degrees of certainty: as a matter of probable cause at a post-indictment hearing. . .or by a preponderance of the evidence at a bench trial or before a jury.\" *Id.* (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted). \"Only if the government meets the relevant legal threshold, however, may the property in question be considered 'subject to forfeiture' in any legal sense. Prior to that, while the government has simply announced its intent to seek forfeiture through the indictment, the property is seen merely as 'potentially forfeitable' . . . or 'potentially subject to forfeiture.'\" *Id.* (internal citations omitted).\n\n27. This means that before the court reaches the question of whether the petitioner is entitled to the return of the property under §853(n), it is necessary to determine if the property in dispute is actually forfeitable in the first instance. If not, the government had no statutory authority to seize the property. If the property was improperly seized, the government must return the accounts seized regardless of whether the petitioner can meet the criteria set forth in §853(n). *See e.g. United States v. Delco Wire & Cable Co*., 772 F. Supp. 1511, 1518 (E.D.PA, 1991).\n\n28. A full and complete Fed. R. Crim. P. 32.2.(b)(1)(A) inquiry is critical to the fair administration of justice. The entire forfeiture system rests upon the supposition that a court has conducted an inquiry and determined that the property is subject to forfeiture. In enacting ancillary proceeding statutes, Congress chose to place the burden of proof on the third-party during an ancillary proceeding, since \"the United States will have already proven its forfeiture allegations in the criminal case beyond a reasonable doubt.\" S. REP. 98-225, 209, 1984 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3182, 3392.\n\n29. In this matter, there has never been a determination of whether there exists a nexus between Account 2770 and any of the offenses Defendant Wang was charged with (and pled guilty to), and, as a result, Petitioner is forced to file this Petition. Based on all the information contained in the publicly-available documentsin both Defendant Wang's and Defendant Guo's criminal case, the Government cannot prevail with respect to Account 2770.\n\n30. Here, in the Superseding Information, the Government included a Forfeiture Allegation as to both Counts I and Count II and sought forfeiture of specific property. Superseding Information at 4. There is no evidence in the record that the Government even attempted to show, let alone that it met its burden to show, a nexus between Account 2770, and the offenses to which Defendant Wang pled guilty.\n\n31. As to Count I, the Forfeiture Allegation states that, \"[a]s a result of committing the wire fraud offense alleged in Count One of this Superseding Information, YVETTE WANG, a/k/a \"Yanping\" a/k/a \"Y,\" the defendant, shall forfeit to the United States pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 981(a)(1)(C)[1](#page-9-0). . .and Title 28, United States Code, Section 2461(c), any and all property, real and personal, that constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable to the commission of said offense.\" Superseding Information at 4. The Government must prove the elements of forfeiture under 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C) by a preponderance of the evidence. 18 U.S.C. § 983(c)(1). Moreover, \"if the Government's theory of forfeiture is that the property was used to commit or facilitate the commission of a criminal offense, or was involved in the commission of a criminal offense, the Government shall establish that there was a substantial connection between the property and the offense.\" 18 U.S.C. § 983(c)(3).\n\n32. The record is devoid of any allegations pertaining to how funds in Account 2770 are, or are derived from, proceeds traceable to Defendant Wang's conspiracy to commit wire fraud. The Superseding Information alleges that \"[f]rom at least in or about 2018 until at least on or about March 15, 2023, coconspirators made false representations to investors that they would receive\n\n<span id=\"page-9-0\"></span><sup>1</sup> 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C) provides that \"[a]ny property, real or personal, [is subject to forfeiture] which constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable to a violation of\" various specified offenses, including violations of 18 U.S.C. § 1343, wire fraud, as charged against Defendant Wang in Count I.\n\nstock in exchange for their investments in GTV, the Himalaya Farm Alliance organization, and GClubs, and that they would receive cryptocurrency in exchange for their investments in the Himalaya Exchange [(the \"Fraud Scheme\")]. Through the [Fraud Scheme], YVETTE WANG, a/k/a \"Yanping,\" a/k/a \"Y,\" the defendant, and her coconspirators, including Miles Guo, induced investors to invest more than \\$1 billion into entities Guo controlled.\" Superseding Information at 2. There are no allegations in the Superseding Information regarding Defendant Wang depositing any proceeds from the Fraud Scheme into Account 2770. Similarly, there are no allegations in the Superseding Information that as a result of the Fraud Scheme, any investors deposited money into Account 2770. Nor can there be any such allegations, as the only deposits from Archiwoods into Account 2770 were from investors who were investing in the Digital Bank pursuant to the Investment Strategy – an investment that is not implicated in any way by the \"Fraud Scheme\" described in the Superseding Information. To be sure, Petitioner affirms that Petitioner was never a victim of any conduct by Defendant Wang alleged in the Superseding Information and does not believe that any of Petitioner's Property was ever used in any unlawful activity.\n\n33. Finally, there was no relevant testimony during Defendant Guo's trial concerning Account 2770. There was no testimony regarding whether any of the proceeds of the Fraud Scheme were ever deposited into Account 2770, nor, for that matter, whether Defendant Wang ever deposited any money into Account 2770. Simply put, there is nothing in the record that would indicate there is a nexus between Account 2770 and Defendant Wang's wire fraud charge, let alone sufficient evidence to determine that the Government met its burden of showing, and the Court properly adjudicated, that the appropriate nexus exists for forfeiture of Account 2770 to be proper.\n\n34. As to Count II, the Forfeiture Allegation states that, \"[a]s a result of committing the money laundering offense alleged in Count Two of this Information, YVETTE WANG, a/k/a\n\n\"Yanping\" a/k/a \"Y,\" the defendant, shall forfeit to the United States pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 982(a)(1)[2](#page-11-0), any and all property, real and personal, involved in said offense, or any property traceable to such property, including but not limited to a sum of money in United States currency representing the amount of property involved in said offense.\" Superseding Information at 4. As to Count II, The Government \"must prove the elements of forfeiture under 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1) by a preponderance of the evidence.\" *U.S. v. Beltramea*, 785 F.3d 287, 290 (8th Cir. 2015).\n\n35. The Superseding Information alleges that Defendant Wang committed conspiracy to launder money because Defendant Wang \"knowing that the property involved in certain financial transactions represented the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, would and did conduct and attempt to conduct such financial transactions. . .and which in fact involved the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, to wit, proceeds of the wire fraud scheme alleged in Count One of this Information.\" Superseding Information at 3.\n\n36. It is unclear how Account 2770 could be forfeited for the money laundering charge in Count II. From the allegations, the charge of money laundering arises from Defendant Wang engaging in financial transactions with the \"proceeds of the wire fraud scheme alleged in Count One.\" Superseding Information at 3. As argued above, there is no evidence that funds in Account 2770 had any relation to the Fraud Scheme alleged in Count I (*see* ¶¶ 31-33, above) – there is no evidence that such funds \"constitute[d] or [were] derived from proceeds traceable to the commission of\" wire fraud. *See e.g.* 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C). Since funds in Account 2770 were\n\n<span id=\"page-11-0\"></span><sup>2</sup> 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1) provides that \"[t]he court, imposing sentence on a person convicted of an offense in violation of section 1956 [the money-laundering statute] of this title . . . shall order that the person forfeit to the United States any property, real or personal, *involved in such offense*, or any property *traceable to such property*.\" 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1) (emphasis added).\n\nnot Fraud Scheme proceeds nor were they derived from Fraud Scheme proceeds, such funds could not serve as the basis for the money laundering charge in Count II and cannot be forfeited as part of Defendant Wang's conviction for Count II.\n\n37. The overt acts that the Government alleges to support the money laundering charge further fail to show how the funds in Account 2770 can be forfeitable. In the Superseding Information, the Government sets forth two acts evidencing money laundering. Superseding Information at 3. Although the Government states that these two overt acts were \"among others\" that Defendant Wang committed in furtherance of the alleged conspiracy to launder money (Superseding Information at 3), these other acts were never identified.\n\n38. First, per the Superseding Information, on May 20, 2020, Defendant Wang opened a bank account in the name of GTV, which, notably, Account 2770 was *not*. Superseding Information at 3. On June 2, 2020, Defendant Wang transferred approximately \\$200 million to that account. *Id.* The funds transferred into the GTV account were from a JP Morgan Chase Bank account held by Saraca Media Group, Inc. (\"Saraca\") (Guo Trial, 05/31/2024, 953:25-954:4; Guo Trial, 06/26/2024, 4359:1-14), *not* from Account 2770. There was never any testimony that any money from Account 2770 ever went into the Saraca JP Morgan Chase Bank account to then be transferred to the GTV account cited in the Superseding Information. Moreover, Account 2770 did not even exist in 2020.\n\n39. The second act the Government alleges is that \"on or about June 5, 2020,\" Defendant Wang \"authorized a wire transfer of \\$100 million from GTV's parent company, Saraca, to a high-risk hedge fund, for the benefit of Saraca and its ultimate beneficial owner, Defendant Guo's son.\" Superseding Information at 3-4. First, this plainly alleges that the money was transferred from a Saraca account, which Account 2770 was demonstrably not. Also, again, there\n\nwas never any testimony that any money from Account 2770 ever went into a Saraca account. Moreover, once again, Account 2770 did not even exist in 2020.\n\n40. As seen from the above argument, there are no allegations or testimony regarding Account 2770 whatsoever. The *only* reference in the record to Account 2770 is Defendant Wang's consent to forfeit it. However, \"a defendant's consent to forfeiture [does not] abrogate the requirement that a nexus exist between the property sought for forfeiture and the conviction of offense.\" *Beltramea*, 785 F.3d at 291. As the Eighth Circuit stressed, \"[t]he district court had an independent duty to *ensure* that the required nexus exists.\" *Id.* (emphasis added).\n\n41. Here, there are no factual allegations in the Superseding Information, in the Original Forfeiture Order or the Forfeiture Order as to even an alleged nexus between Account 2770 and the offenses to which Defendant Wang pled guilty.\n\n42. The Government's continued retention of the funds in Account 2770, without showing that there is a nexus, is wrong and inequitable. Should the Government retain the funds in Account 2770, it will be unjustly enriched, since the funds belong to third parties, including Petitioner, who are (1) not Defendant Wang or Defendant Guo; and (2) not involved the Fraud Scheme, let alone victims of such a scheme. *See, e.g., U.S. v. Bajakajian*, 524 U.S. 321, 332 (1998) (explaining that a criminal \"forfeiture serves no remedial purpose, is designed to punish the offender, *and cannot be imposed upon innocent owners*.\") (emphasis added).\n\n# **B. Petitioner Has Interest in Petitioner's Property Because There Exists a Constructive Trust Over Such Property**\n\n43. Even putting aside the Government's failure to properly demonstrate that the funds in Account 2770 were part of any activity alleged in the Superseding Information, Petitioner's Property should be returned to Petitioner because Petitioner has a greater interest in it than does Defendant Wang, or, now, the Government.\n\n44. Under the doctrine of constructive trusts, Petitioner's Property is protected and remains the property of Petitioner regardless of any other ownership claims, including Defendant Wang's or the Government, standing in her shoes. The Second Circuit[3](#page-14-0) has held that \"a constructive trust qualifies as a 'legal right, title, or interest in the property' that 'may be a superior interest' to a defendant's interest for the purposes of a forfeiture statute analogous to 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A).” *Willis Mgmt. (Vermont), Ltd. v. United States*, 652 F.3d 236, 242 (2d Cir. 2011).\n\n45. \"A constructive trust is an equitable remedy, *necessarily flexible to accomplish its purpose*.\" *Counihan v. Allstate Ins. Co*., 194 F.3d 357, 361 (2d Cir. 1999) (emphasis added). \"Its purpose is to prevent unjust enrichment, although unjust enrichment does not necessarily implicate the performance of a wrongful act. . .What is necessary is that the court identify a party who is holding property *under such circumstances that in equity and good conscience he ought not to retain it*.” *Id.* (internal citations omitted).\n\n46. \"Whether a party is unjustly enriched is a legal conclusion reached through the\n\n<span id=\"page-14-0\"></span><sup>3</sup> \"The federal common law choice-of-law rule is to apply the law of the jurisdiction having the greatest interest in the litigation.\" *In re Koreag, Controle et Revision S.A.*, 961 F.2d 341, 350 (2d Cir. 1992), *aff'd in part sub nom. Refco F/X Assocs., Inc. v. Mebco Bank, S.A*., No. 89 CIV. 3071 (WK), 1992 WL 200748 (S.D.N.Y. July 31, 1992). Here, there are four competing jurisdictions whose laws could apply: Australia, New York, California, and Cayman Islands. Petitioner's payment of Petitioner's Property was pursuant to the Option Memorandum. The Option Memorandum makes clear that Archiwoods would then enter into some agreement with the Hamilton Opportunity Fund on Petitioner's behalf. On information and belief, any agreement between Archiwoods and the Hamilton Opportunity Fund is governed by Cayman Islands law. Account 2770 *was* an account in a California bank when Petitioner deposited Petitioner's Property. Since Account 2770 was seized (pursuant to a search and seizure warrant issued by a court in New York state), the funds are now in possession of the Government in New York and the California bank no longer exists. New York is the forum state of this case. From these facts, New York has the greatest interest in this litigation, and its laws should apply to an imposition of a constructive trust. However, to the extent that the Government challenges this choice-of-law determination, Petitioner reserves all rights to request that this Court impose a constructive trust over Petitioner's Property under California, Australia, and/or Cayman Islands law.\n\napplication of principles of equity. . . A court of equity in decreeing a constructive trust is bound by no unyielding formula. The equity of the transaction must shape the measure of relief. . . Unjust enrichment results when a person retains a benefit which, under the circumstances of the transfer and considering the relationship of the parties, it would be inequitable to retain.\" *Id.* (internal citations omitted).\n\n47. The New York Court of Appeals outlined several factors to be considered in determining whether a constructive trust should be imposed in certain circumstances, including \"(1) a confidential or fiduciary relation, (2) a promise, (3) a transfer in reliance thereon and (4) unjust enrichment.\" *Sharp v. Kosmalski*, 40 N.Y.2d 119, 121 (1976). However, New York courts have long held that \"these factors are merely useful guides and are not talismanic.\" *Counihan*, 194 F.3d at 362 (citing to a plethora of New York state cases that have stated this proposition).\n\n48. Here, there is a constructive trust for the benefit of Petitioner over Petitioner's Property as of the date that it was deposited into Account 2770 by Archiwoods.\n\n49. Petitioner, through Archiwoods, who acted as Petitioner's agent and/or intermediary, entered into a confidential and/or fiduciary relationship[4](#page-15-0) with Archiwoods and/or Hamilton Opportunity Fund when Petitioner invested in Archiwoods, who then executed an agreement on Petitioner's behalf in order to acquire certain Class B shares in Hamilton M&A Fund SP using Petitioner's Property. Per the Option Memorandum, Archiwoods made a promise to\n\n<span id=\"page-15-0\"></span><sup>4</sup> Even if the Court determines that the relationship was not confidential and/or there was no fiduciary relationship between Archiwoods and/or Hamilton Opportunity Fund and Petitioner, such would not be determinative, as the absence of a fiduciary relationship does not preclude the Court from finding a constructive trust exists. *See Koreag,* 961 F.2d at 353 (stating that \"[w]e do not believe, however, that the lack of a fiduciary relationship between [the parties] automatically defeats [a] claim of constructive trust. Although a fiduciary relationship is one of the factors cited by New York courts, the absence of any one factor will not itself defeat the imposition of a constructive trust when otherwise required by equity\").\n\nPetitioner that Petitioner's Property would be invested in the Digital Bank pursuant to the Investment Strategy. **Exhibit A**, at 4. In reliance on this promise, the Petitioner wired Petitioner's Property to Archiwoods, who then, upon information and belief, wired it to Account 2770. The Government's improper seizure of Account 2770 forced a breach of Archiwoods' promise to invest Petitioner's Property into the Digital Bank pursuant to the Investment Strategy. Because of Government's seizure, Petitioner is not even able to exercise his Right of Redemption to reobtain Petitioner's Property at the appropriate time. This would result in unjust enrichment to the benefit of the Government since the Government is now retaining Petitioner's Property without any legal cause to do so. *See, e.g., U.S. v. Coluccio*, 51 F.3d 337, 340 (2nd Cir. 1995) (finding that imposition of a constructive trust was proper where, amongst other reasons, Government's forfeiture caused a breach of an implied promise); *Torres v. \\$36,256.80 U.S. Currency*, 25 F.3d 1154, 1159 (2d Cir. 1994) (finding a constructive trust appropriate where \"The government's forfeiture forced a breach of that promise that may result in a potentially unjust enrichment of the government (and commensurate unjust impoverishment of [the plaintiff]).\")\n\n50. Accordingly, Petitioner has shown that a constructive trust should be imposed over Petitioner's Property. Such a constructive trust \"qualifies as a 'legal right, title, or interest in the property' that 'may be a superior interest' to a defendant's interest for the purposes of a forfeiture statute analogous to 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A).\" *Willis*, 652 F.3d at 242.\n\n51. The property upon which the constructive trust is sought – Petitioner's Property is easily traceable. *See* **Exhibit D***.*\n\n52. Moreover, the imposition of a constructive trust is fully available to Petitioner, even if the Government contends that others are owed restitution from any forfeited property. \"When a party can directly trace its assets, without resorting to fictions or presumptions, a constructive trust\n\nis available even in cases involving multiple fraud victims.\" *U.S. v. Ovid,* 2012 WL 2087084, \\*7 (E.D.N.Y., Jun. 8, 2012). \"[C]ourts are not free to disregard the law of constructive trusts when a claimant can directly trace its property, even if this leaves one innocent victim better off than another equally innocent victim.\" *Id.* The \"orthodox approach to multiple-fraud cases\" is to \"return[] identifiable assets to their owners, turning to pro rata distribution only when specific identification or transactional tracing is impossible.\" *Id.* at \\*8 (citing *Restatement (Third) of Restitution & Unjust Enrichment*, § 59 Reporter's Note G, at 437).\n\n## **C. Petitioner Has a Superior Interest in the Petitioner's Property**\n\n53. Petitioner's interest in Petitioner's Property is absolutely superior to any interest that the Government or Defendant Wang may have in Petitioner's Property.\n\n54. 21 U.S.C. § 853(n) is clear that, in addition to Petitioner's interest in the forfeited property, that Petitioner must demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that Petitioner's interest \"renders the order of forfeiture invalid in whole or in part because the right, title, or interest was vested in the petitioner *rather than the defendant* or was superior to any right, title, or interest *of the defendant* at the time of the commission of the acts which give rise to the forfeiture of the property under this section.\" 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A) (emphasis added).\n\n55. Here, as set forth above, Defendant Wang never had any interest in Petitioner's Property or Account 2770; indeed, the record is entirely silent as to what the relationship is between Defendant Wang, the Fraud Scheme, and Account 2770.\n\n56. It is axiomatic that neither the Government nor Defendant Wang can argue that they have a superior interest in a property in which they never had an interest. Likewise, Defendant Wang cannot forfeit her interest in a property in which she had no interest.\n\n# **D. Petitioner is Entitled to Costs and Attorneys' Fees**\n\n57. The Petitioner has been required to retain legal counsel and has incurred costs to\n\nfile this petition asserting Petitioner's right to Petitioner's Property and to challenge the forfeiture of Petitioner's Property. Upon prevailing in this proceeding, Petitioner reserves all rights to recover attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with this Petition and may recover Petitioner's costs and reasonable attorney's fees pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act (\"EAJA\"), 28 U.S.C. § 2412. Federal courts have consistently held that § 853(n) proceedings are civil for the purposes of allowing a successful claimant to collect attorney's fees under the EAJA. *See United States v. Cox*, 575 F.3d 352, 355 (4th Cir. 2009); *United States v. Douglas*, 55 F.3d 584, 588 (11th Cir. 1995); *U.S. v. Bailey*, 2015 WL 1893610 at \\*20 (W.D.N.C. Apr. 27, 2015).\n\n# **IV. CONCLUSION**\n\n58. For the reasons stated above, Petitioner has an interest in Petitioner's Property, which renders the Forfeiture Order invalid as to such property. *See e.g.* 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A). Defendant Wang does not have any right, title, or interest in Petitioner's Property, and never did. Petitioner has proven, and can prove at any necessary hearing, by preponderance of evidence that the Forfeiture Order needs to be amended to exclude Petitioner's Property.\n\n59. Therefore, Petitioner respectfully requests that this Court: (1) grant this Petition; (2) amend the Forfeiture Order to exclude Petitioner's Property; (3) order the immediate return of Petitioner's Property to Petitioner; (4) order that Petitioner is entitled to recover Petitioner's attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with this Petition and grant Petitioner leave to submit an application for such attorneys' fees and costs; and (5) grant such and other relief that is necessary and just.\n\nDated: April 3, 2025\n\nDated: April 3, 2025 Respectfully submitted,\n\n/s/ Jeffrey S. Gavenman Jeffrey S. Gavenman, Esq. Jeremy W. Schulman, Esq. SCHULMAN BHATTACHARYA, LLC 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 425 North Bethesda, MD 20852 (240) 356-8550 [jgavenman@schulmanbh.com](mailto:jgavenman@schulmanbh.com) [jschulman@schulmanbh.com](mailto:jschulman@schulmanbh.com)\n\n/s/ Paul W. Butler Paul W. Butler, Esq. BUTLER LEGAL STRATEGIES 1201 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 531 Washington, D.C. 20036 [paul@butlerlegalstrategies.com](mailto:paul@butlerlegalstrategies.com) *Counsel for Petitioner*\n\nPursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(3), I\n\nttest and declare under\n\npenalty of perjury that my claim to this property is not frivolous and that the information provided\nin support of this claim is true and correct, to the best of my knowledge and belief.\n\nExecuted on this 4th day of April, 2025\n\n![](_page_20_Picture_6.jpeg)","body_zh":"UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA（美利坚合众国）\n\n- v. -（诉）\n\nYVETTE WANG（王雁平），又名“Yanping”，又名“Y”，\n\n被告。\n\n裁定请愿人对被没收财产之权益并修改初步没收令之第三方请愿书——经核实之权利主张\n\nS4 23 Cr. 118 (AT)\n\n请愿人（“请愿人”）依据 21 U.S.C. § 853(n) 及《联邦刑事诉讼规则》（Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure）第 32.2(c) 条提交本《裁定请愿人对被没收财产之权益并修改初步没收令之第三方请愿书》（下称“本请愿书”）。请愿人请求返还请愿人拥有合法权利、所有权和/或权益之资金（下称“请愿人财产”）（定义详见下文），该资金系由 United States Government（美国政府，下称“政府”）作为与被告 Yvette Wang（王雁平，下称“被告王”）所达成没收令之一部分而不当扣押。具体而言，当政府扣押了以 Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC（汉密尔顿机会基金独立投资组合公司）名义在 Silvergate Bank（银门银行）开立的账号为 5090042770 之银行账户（下称“2770 账户”）内的全部资金时，请愿人财产被政府不当扣押。然而，任何涉及 2770 账户内资金（包括请愿人财产）的没收令均属非法且不当，因为被告王在 2770 账户或请愿人财产中均不拥有任何合法权利、所有权或权益。因此，没收令（定义详见下文）就请愿人财产而言归于无效，因为在产生没收令（定义见下文）之行为实施之时，请愿人财产的权利、所有权或权益已归属于请愿人而非被告王，且优先于被告王的任何权利、所有权或权益。据此，本法院应修改没收令，将请愿人财产从没收令中剔除，并命令政府立即将请愿人财产返还给请愿人。为支持请愿人之主张，请愿人陈述如下：\n\nI. 初步陈述\n\n2770 账户内的资金（包括请愿人财产）显然纯粹是政府在起诉被告王及 Miles Guo（郭文贵，下称“被告郭”）之前扣押资产过程中的“附带损害”。自 2770 账户被扣押以来已过去两年半有余，在此期间，从未有任何关于 2770 账户（包括请愿人财产）如何与被告王认罪之任何罪行相关联的解释，而这是法律上有效没收令的必要先决条件。从未有任何证据表明被告王认罪之任何非法活动的任何收益曾存入 2770 账户；没有证据表明此类活动的任何收益曾与请愿人财产相混同；并且事实上，也没有证据表明被告王曾与 2770 账户有任何牵连，甚至知晓其存在。\n\n如下文所述，请愿人是请愿人财产之拟制信托（constructive trust）的受益人，请愿人财产在本案中不得被政府扣押。无论被告王，抑或如今代位行使其权利的政府，均未曾证明其对 2770 账户中的请愿人财产或对整个 2770 账户享有任何权益。虽然被告王在没收令（ECF No. 488，第 2-3 页）中同意没收其在 2770 账户（从而包括请愿人财产）中的“全部权利、所有权和权益”，但她的同意对于 2770 账户或请愿人财产不具有任何法律效力。被告王在 2770 账户中从未拥有此类“权利、所有权和权益”——没有证据表明她是 2770 账户的签字人、曾向 2770 账户存入款项、或对 2770 账户拥有任何控制权，也没有证据表明被告王曾直接或间接指示任何人向 2770 账户存入任何款项。被告王不能没收其并不拥有且在其中没有任何权益的财产。事实上，本法院似乎在最初阶段根本未曾依法依《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第 32.2(b)(1)(A) 条之规定，确立请愿人财产属于应予没收的财产。\n\n基于上述所有理由以及下文阐明的理由，请愿人谨请求本法院：(1) 批准本请愿书；(2) 修改没收令以排除请愿人财产；(3) 命令立即将请愿人财产返还给请愿人；(4) 裁定请愿人有权追索请愿人因本请愿书而发生的律师费和诉讼费用，并准许请愿人提交此类律师费及诉讼费用之申请；以及 (5) 准予必要且公正之其他救济。\n\nII. 背景事实\n\nA. 请愿人财产\n\n1. Archiwoods Investment Value Fund（阿奇伍德投资价值基金，下称“Archiwoods”）编制了一份日期为 2022 年 2 月 14 日的信息选择权备忘录（下称“选择权备忘录”），概述了对 Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC（汉密尔顿机会基金独立投资组合公司，下称“Hamilton 机会基金”，一家开曼群岛独立投资组合公司）的投资机会。Archiwoods 将该选择权备忘录提供给包括请愿人在内的潜在投资者。选择权备忘录的真实准确副本作为附件 A 附于本请愿书之后。\n\n2. 投资于 Hamilton M&A Fund SP（汉密尔顿并购基金独立投资组合，下称“并购基金”），系“由投资管理人选定，旨在创造高价值和长期资本增值。”附件 A，选择权备忘录第 4 页。投资管理人（在选择权备忘录中定义为“Archiwoods Investment Management Pty Ltd（阿奇伍德投资管理有限公司）”）已发现一项投资于某\n\n银行的机会（下称“投资策略”），附件 A，第 4、8 页，并招揽了包括请愿人在内的投资以利用该机会。\n\n3. 选择权备忘录向请愿人提供了认购归属于并购基金（Hamilton 机会基金的一个独立投资组合）之 B 类股份的机会。Hamilton 机会基金于 2022 年 1 月 20 日向并购基金潜在投资者提供的标准发售备忘录的真实准确副本作为附件\n\nB 附于本请愿书之后。\n\n4. 被告王并非并购基金、Hamilton 机会基金或 Archiwoods 的董事或成员，亦不享有上述实体的任何公司或股权权益。证据记录中没有任何相反的证据。\n\n5. 被告王未曾对并购基金或 Archiwoods 进行任何投资；同样，证据记录中没有任何相反的证据。\n\n6. 在 2022 年 5 月 31 日之前，请愿人提交了投资 Archiwoods 的申请，并同意投资 $441,000.00。请愿人同意投资该笔金额的明确保留条件是：该投资的全部款项将用于购买并购基金的股份。2022 年 5 月 31 日，请愿人收到了对其在 Archiwoods 投资的确认函。请愿人投资确认函的真实准确副本作为附件 C 附于本请愿书之后。\n\n7. 2022 年 2 月 10 日，依据选择权备忘录的条款，请愿人向属于 Archiwoods 的银行账户电汇了 $450,000.00（下称“请愿人财产”）。请愿人电汇信息的真实准确副本作为附件 D 附于本请愿书之后。\n\n8. 依据选择权备忘录的条款，Archiwoods 与代表并购基金行为的 Hamilton 机会基金签订了协议。据\n\n善意知悉与相信，Archiwoods 向 Hamilton 机会基金投资了一笔款项（包括请愿人财产的全部），用于收购 Hamilton M&A Fund SP（Hamilton 机会基金之独立投资组合）的 B 类股份。\n\n9. 据善意知悉与相信，Archiwoods 将其全部投资金额（包括请愿人财产）电汇至 2770 账户，该账户是 Hamilton 机会基金存放用于收购 B 类股份之资金的唯一账户。\n\n10. 所有投资者签署且用于管辖其对 Hamilton 机会基金（包括并购基金）投资条款的发售协议，赋予投资者按投资者意愿赎回其股份的权利。附件 B，第 17 页；另见同前引第 53 页（说明在符合特定限制的前提下，“股东可在任何赎回日按其意愿赎回 B 类股份”）。反之，请愿人有权在投资期结束时赎回其在 Archiwoods 的投资（下称“赎回权”）。附件 A，第 4-5 页。\n\n11. Hamilton 机会基金每个独立投资组合的资产均“与本基金任何其他独立投资组合的资产以及本基金的任何一般资产保持隔离、分开并可单独识别。”见附件 B，第 12 页；另见附件 A，第 4 页。此外，依据开曼群岛法律，Hamilton 机会基金有义务“将每个独立投资组合的投资组合资产与任何其他独立投资组合的投资组合资产进行隔离，并保持隔离、分开及可单独识别。”附件 B，第 22-23 页（引用开曼群岛《公司法》（修订版）第 XIV 部第 219(6)(b) 条）。\n\nB. 2770 账户的扣押\n\n12. 2022 年 9 月 18 日，政府扣押了 2770 账户内的全部资金余额，其中包括请愿人财产。\n\n13. 迄今为止，关于政府扣押 2770 账户内资金所依据的相当理由（probable cause），没有任何可公开获取的文件。\n\nC. 针对被告王与被告郭的刑事案件及没收令\n\n14. 2023 年 3 月 6 日，政府对被告王、被告郭以及第三名从未被提审的被告 William Je（余建明）提起了起诉书。ECF No. 2。\n\n15. 2024 年 5 月 3 日，政府提交了针对被告王之替代起诉书（Superseding Information，下称“替代起诉书”）。ECF No. 325。替代起诉书指控被告王犯有一项共谋电汇欺诈罪（罪名项 I）（替代起诉书第 1-2 页）以及一项共谋洗钱罪（罪名项 II）（替代起诉书第 2-4 页）。替代起诉书还包含一项没收指控（下称“没收指控”）。替代起诉书第 4 页。\n\n16. 就在同一天，即 2024 年 5 月 3 日，被告王就替代起诉书中指控的罪名项 I 和罪名项 II 认罪答辩。\n\n17. 同样在 2024 年 5 月 3 日，本法院签署了一份关于特定财产/金钱判决之同意初步没收令（下称“原没收令”）。ECF No. 329。\n\n18. 在原没收令中，被告王同意没收其在某些资产中的“全部权利、所有权和权益”，其中包括 2770 账户，理由是该等财产“构成被告个人所获得的罪名项一所指控罪行的收益和/或涉及［替代］起诉书罪名项二所指控罪行的财产。”原没收令第 2-6 页（强调为原文所加）。\n\n19. 被告郭对其被指控的任何罪名均未作认罪答辩。因此，在 2024 年 5 月 22 日至 2024 年 7 月 16 日期间进行了陪审团审判（下称“郭案审判”）。2024 年 7 月 16 日，陪审团裁定被告郭犯有诈骗敲诈共谋罪、共谋电汇欺诈罪、共谋洗钱罪、共谋证券\n\n欺诈罪、证券欺诈罪、电汇欺诈罪及洗钱罪。ECF No. 395。截至本请愿书出具之日，被告郭尚未被判刑。\n\n20. 2025 年 1 月 6 日，被告王被判刑。\n\n21. 2025年1月7日，本法院作出了《关于特定财产/金钱判决的经合意初步没收裁定》（Consent Preliminary Order of Forfeiture as to Specific Property/Money Judgment，下称“《没收裁定》”），ECF No. 488。就与申诉人（Petitioner）相关的部分而言，《没收裁定》在所有实质方面均与《原没收裁定》（Original Forfeiture Order）基本相似。在该《没收裁定》中，被告Wang（王）同意没收“其在特定资产中的所有权利、所有权和利益”，包括2770账户，理由是此类财产“构成了被告个人获取的替代起诉书第一项罪名中所指控罪行的收益，和/或涉及替代起诉书第二项罪名中所指控罪行的财产”。《没收裁定》第2-11页（强调为后加）。\n\n22. 2770账户中的资产在《原没收裁定》和《没收裁定》中均被描述如下：\n\n原存放在Silvergate Bank（银门银行）账号为5090042770的账户内、以“Hamilton Opportunity Fund SPC”（汉密尔顿机会基金独立投资组合公司）名义持有的89,992,861.75美元货币，并由政府于2022年9月18日左右扣押（23-FBl-000074）。\n\n《原没收裁定》第3页；《没收裁定》第3页。\n\nIII. 辩论意见\n\n23. 在依据21 U.S.C. § 853(n)及《联邦刑事诉讼规则》（Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure）第32.2(c)(1)条进行的附随刑事没收程序中，本法院必须依据优势证据标准判定：申诉人是否对拟没收的财产享有合法权利、所有权或利益；以及该等权利、所有权或利益是否导致没收裁定全部或部分无效，理由是在导致财产被没收的行为发生之时，该等利益已归属于申诉人而非被告，或者申诉人的利益优于被告的任何权利、所有权或利益。参见21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A)。\n\n24. 在本案中，依据21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A)，申诉人凭借对申诉人财产所享有的拟制信托（constructive trust），对该财产拥有合法权利、所有权或利益。此外，申诉人在申诉人财产中享有的利益既已归属于申诉人，且优于被告Wang在申诉人财产中享有的任何权利，因为被告Wang对申诉人财产或2770账户均没有任何合法权利、所有权或利益。换言之，被告Wang不可能没收其在2770账户中的利益，因为她根本没有任何依法应受刑事没收的利益。因此，应当对《没收裁定》予以修改以剔除申诉人财产，并将申诉人财产归还给申诉人。\n\nA. 政府未能证明2770账户中的资金（包括申诉人财产）从一开始就依法应予没收，从而使得针对该等资金的《没收裁定》是不当的\n\n25. 政府没有扣留申诉人财产的合法理由，因为没有任何证据表明政府曾按《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第32.2(b)(1)(A)条的要求，证明申诉人财产以及整个2770账户在事实上属于可没收财产。\n\n26. “当政府寻求获得没收裁定时，‘《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第32.2(b)(1)条……要求量刑法院根据适用成文法确定哪些财产应予没收。’”U.S. v. Watts, 786 F.3d 152, 172 (2d Cir. 2015)（援引 U.S. v. Capoccia, 503 F.3d 103, 109 (2d Cir.2007)）。根据《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第32.2条，“如果政府寻求没收特定财产，法院必须确定政府是否已确立财产与罪行之间所要求的关联性。”《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第32.2(b)(1)(A)条（强调为后加）；Watts, 786 F.3d at 172。“在诉讼程序的各个阶段，政府承担以不同程度的确定性来证明该法律结论的举证责任：在起诉后听证会上达到合理根据（probable cause）的标准……或在法官审理或陪审团审理中达到优势证据（preponderance of the evidence）的标准。”同上（强调为后加）（内部引文省略）。“然而，唯有在政府达到相关法定门槛的情况下，涉案财产才能在任何法律意义上被视为‘应予没收’。在此之前，虽然政府已通过起诉书简单宣布了寻求没收的意图，但该财产仅被视为‘可能可没收的’……或‘可能应予没收的’。”同上（内部引文省略）。\n\n27. 这意味着，在法院审理申诉人是否有权根据第853(n)条获得财产返还的问题之前，有必要首先确定争议财产从一开始是否在事实上属于可没收财产。如果不是，政府便缺乏扣押该财产的成文法授权。如果财产系被不当扣押，无论申诉人是否符合第853(n)条所规定的标准，政府都必须归还所扣押的账户。参见如 United States v. Delco Wire & Cable Co., 772 F. Supp. 1511, 1518 (E.D.PA, 1991)。\n\n28. 完整而全面的《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第32.2(b)(1)(A)条审查对司法的公正实施至关重要。整个没收制度均建立在法院已进行了审查并确定财产应予没收的假定之上。国会在制定附随程序成文法时，选择在附随程序中将举证责任置于第三方，是因为“美国在刑事案件中已排除合理怀疑地证明了其没收指控。”S. REP. 98-225, 209, 1984 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3182, 3392。\n\n29. 在本案中，从未就2770账户与被告Wang被指控（并已认罪答辩）的任何罪行之间是否存在关联作出过认定，因此申诉人被迫提起本申诉。根据被告Wang和被告Guo（郭）的刑事案件中所有公开可得文件所载的全部信息，政府在2770账户问题上无法胜诉。\n\n30. 在本案中，政府在替代起诉书（Superseding Information）中对第一项罪名和第二项罪名均提出了没收指控，并寻求没收特定财产。替代起诉书第4页。记录中没有任何证据表明政府曾试图证明、更不用说达到其举证责任证明2770账户与被告Wang认罪的罪行之间存在关联。\n\n31. 关于第一项罪名，没收指控称，“由于实施了本替代起诉书第一项罪名中所指控的电汇诈骗罪行，被告YVETTE WANG（王艳平，又名“Yanping”，又名“Y”）应依据美国法典第18编第981(a)(1)(C)条及美国法典第28编第2461(c)条，向合众国没收构成该罪行或由该罪行可追溯收益所衍生的任何及所有不动产和动产。”替代起诉书第4页。政府必须依据优势证据标准证明18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C)项下的没收要件。18 U.S.C. § 983(c)(1)。此外，“如果政府的没收理论是该财产被用于实施或便利实施刑事罪行，或参与了刑事罪行的实施，则政府应确立该财产与该罪行之间存在实质性联系。”18 U.S.C. § 983(c)(3)。\n\n32. 记录中没有任何关于2770账户中的资金如何构成被告Wang合谋电汇诈骗的可追溯收益或由其衍生收益的指控。替代起诉书指控称，“至少在2018年左右至至少在2023年3月15日左右，共谋人向投资者作出了虚假陈述，称投资者将获得\n\n1 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C)规定，“任何构成违反特定罪行或由违反特定罪行之可追溯收益所衍生的不动产或动产[均应予以没收]”，包括违反18 U.S.C. § 1343的电汇诈骗罪，即在第一项罪名中对被告Wang所指控的罪行。\n\nGTV、Himalaya Farm Alliance（喜马拉雅农场联盟）组织和GClubs的投资股票作为回报，并且他们将获得Himalaya Exchange（喜马拉雅交易所）的投资加密货币作为回报[（下称“诈骗计划”）]。通过该[诈骗计划]，被告YVETTE WANG（王艳平，又名“Yanping”，又名“Y”）及其包括Miles Guo（郭文贵）在内的共谋人诱使投资者向郭控制的实体投资了超过10亿美元。”替代起诉书第2页。替代起诉书中没有任何关于被告Wang将诈骗计划的任何收益存入2770账户的指控。同样，替代起诉书中也没有任何关于由于该诈骗计划而导致任何投资者将资金存入2770账户的指控。也不可能有任何此类指控，因为从Archiwoods存入2770账户的唯一存款均来自根据《投资策略》（Investment Strategy）向数字银行（Digital Bank）进行投资的投资者——该投资与替代起诉书中所述的“诈骗计划”没有任何牵连。诚然，申诉人确认，申诉人从未是被告Wang在替代起诉书中所指控的任何行为的受害者，且不认为申诉人财产中的任何部分曾被用于任何非法活动。\n\n33. 最后，在被告Guo的审判期间，没有任何关于2770账户的相关证言。没有任何关于诈骗计划的任何收益是否曾被存入2770账户的证言，就此而言，也没有任何关于被告Wang是否曾将任何资金存入2770账户的证言。简而言之，记录中没有任何内容表明2770账户与被告Wang的电汇诈骗指控之间存在关联，更没有充分的证据来认定政府已达到其举证责任证明、以及法院已适当裁定没收2770账户所必须具备的适当关联性存在。\n\n34. 关于第二项罪名，没收指控称，“由于实施了本起诉书第二项罪名中所指控的洗钱罪行，被告YVETTE WANG（王艳平，又名“Yanping”，又名“Y”）应依据美国法典第18编第982(a)(1)条，向合众国没收涉及上述罪行的任何及所有不动产和动产，或可追溯至该等财产的任何财产，包括但不限于代表涉及上述罪行之财产数额的一笔美元货币。”替代起诉书第4页。关于第二项罪名，政府“必须依据优势证据标准证明18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1)项下的没收要件。”U.S. v. Beltramea, 785 F.3d 287, 290 (8th Cir. 2015)。\n\n35. 替代起诉书指控被告Wang犯有合谋洗钱罪，因为被告Wang“明知涉及某些金融交易的财产代表某种形式的非法活动收益，仍将实施并确实实施并企图实施此类金融交易……且该等交易事实上涉及特定非法活动的收益，即本起诉书第一项罪名中所指控的电汇诈骗计划的收益。”替代起诉书第3页。\n\n36. 目前尚不清楚 2770 账户何以因第二项罪名中的洗钱指控而被没收。根据指控，洗钱指控源于被告 Wang（王）参与使用“第一项罪名中所指控的电汇诈骗计划的收益”进行的金融交易。《替代起诉书》（Superseding Information）第 3 页。正如上文所述，并无证据表明 2770 账户中的资金与第一项罪名中指控的诈骗计划有任何关联（见上文第 31-33 段）——亦无证据表明此类资金“构成或源自可追溯至实施”电汇诈骗“的收益”。参见例如 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C)。鉴于 2770 账户中的资金既非诈骗计划的收益，亦非源自诈骗计划的收益，该等资金不能作为第二项罪名中洗钱指控的基础，也不能作为被告 Wang 就第二项罪名定罪的一部分予以没收。\n\n2 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1) 规定：“法院对被判犯有违反本编第 1956 条 [洗钱成文法] 之罪行的人判刑时……应责令该人向美国没收涉及该罪行的任何不动产或动产，或任何可追溯至该财产的财产。” 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1)（强调为后加）。\n\n37. 政府为支持洗钱指控而指控的公开行为，进一步未能表明 2770 账户中的资金何以属于可没收财产。在《替代起诉书》中，政府列出了证明洗钱的两项行为。《替代起诉书》第 3 页。尽管政府声称这两项公开行为是被告 Wang 为推进所指控的洗钱共谋而实施的“诸项行为之一”（《替代起诉书》第 3 页），但这些其他行为从未被指明。\n\n38. 首先，根据《替代起诉书》，2020年5月20日，被告 Wang 以 GTV 的名义开立了一个银行账户，值得注意的是，2770 账户显然不是该账户。《替代起诉书》第 3 页。2020年6月2日，被告 Wang 向该账户转账约 200,000,000 美元。同上。转入 GTV 账户的资金来自 Saraca Media Group, Inc.（萨拉卡媒体集团公司，简称“Saraca”）持有的 JP Morgan Chase Bank（摩根大通银行）账户（Guo（郭）案庭审记录，2024年5月31日，953:25-954:4；Guo 案庭审记录，2024年6月26日，4359:1-14），而非来自 2770 账户。没有任何证词表明 2770 账户中的任何款项曾进入 Saraca 的 JP Morgan Chase Bank 账户，然后再转入《替代起诉书》中所引述的 GTV 账户。此外，2770 账户在 2020 年时甚至根本不存在。\n\n39. 政府指控的第二项行为是，“在2020年6月5日或前后”，被告 Wang “授权从 GTV 的母公司 Saraca 向一家高风险对冲基金电汇 100,000,000 美元，以使 Saraca 及其最终实益拥有人、即被告 Guo 的儿子获益。”《替代起诉书》第 3-4 页。首先，这明确指控资金是从 Saraca 账户转出的，而 2770 账户显然不是 Saraca 账户。此外，同样地，从未有任何证词表明 2770 账户中的任何款项曾进入过 Saraca 账户。而且，再次强调，2770 账户在 2020 年时根本不存在。\n\n40. 从上述论证可见，完全没有任何关于 2770 账户的指控或证词。记录中对 2770 账户的唯一提及是被告 Wang 同意没收该账户。然而，“被告对没收的同意[并不]免除要求在寻求没收的财产与被定罪罪行之间存在关联性的规定。”Beltramea 案，785 F.3d at 291。正如 Eighth Circuit（第八巡回上诉法院）所强调的那样，“地区法院负有独立职责以确保所要求的关联性存在。”同上（强调为后加）。\n\n41. 在本案中，《替代起诉书》、《原没收令》或《没收令》中均无任何事实指控能够说明 2770 账户与被告 Wang 认罪答辩的罪行之间甚至存在所指称的关联性。\n\n42. 政府在未证明存在关联性的情况下继续扣留 2770 账户中的资金，是不当且不公平的。如果政府保留 2770 账户中的资金，将构成不当得利，因为这些资金属于包括请愿人在内的第三方，而这些第三方 (1) 既不是被告 Wang，也不是被告 Guo；且 (2) 未参与诈骗计划，更非该计划的受害者。参见例如 U.S. v. Bajakajian 案，524 U.S. 321, 332 (1998)（解释称刑事“没收不具有补救目的，旨在惩罚违法者，且不能强加于无辜所有权人。”）（强调为后加）。\n\nB. 请愿人对请愿人财产享有权益，因为该等财产上存在推定信托\n\n43. 即使姑且不论政府未能适当地证明 2770 账户中的资金系《替代起诉书》中所指控之任何活动的一部分，请愿人财产亦应返还给请愿人，因为请愿人对该财产享有的权益大于被告 Wang 或如今代其行事的政府所享有的权益。\n\n44. 根据推定信托原则，请愿人财产受到保护，且无论存在任何其他所有权主张（包括被告 Wang 或代其行事的政府的主张），该财产仍为请愿人的财产。Second Circuit（第二巡回上诉法院）[3]裁定，“推定信托构成对财产的‘合法权利、所有权或权益’，且就类似于 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A) 的没收成文法而言，该等权益‘可能属于优于’被告权益的权益。”Willis Mgmt. (Vermont), Ltd. v. United States 案，652 F.3d 236, 242 (2d Cir. 2011)。\n\n45. “推定信托是一种衡平法救济，必然具有灵活性以实现其目的。”Counihan v. Allstate Ins. Co. 案，194 F.3d 357, 361 (2d Cir. 1999)（强调为后加）。“其目的在于防止不当得利，尽管不当得利并不必然涉及不法行为的实施……所必需的是法院确认某一方持有财产的情形根据衡平法和良知其不应保留该财产。”同上（内部引用省略）。\n\n46. “一方是否构成不当得利是通过适用衡平法原则得出的法律结论……衡平法院在判处推定信托时不受任何僵化公式的约束。交易的公平性必须决定救济的尺度……当一人保留了一项利益，而根据转让时的具体情况并考虑到各方之间的关系，保留该利益是不公平的，即构成不当得利。”同上（内部引用省略）。\n\n3 “联邦普通法冲突法规则是适用与诉讼具有最大利益之管辖区的法律。”In re Koreag, Controle et Revision S.A. 案，961 F.2d 341, 350 (2d Cir. 1992)，部分维持原判，判名 Refco F/X Assocs., Inc. v. Mebco Bank, S.A.，No. 89 CIV. 3071 (WK)，1992 WL 200748 (S.D.N.Y. July 31, 1992)。在本案中，有四个可能适用其法律的竞争性管辖区：Australia（澳大利亚）、New York（纽约州）、California（加利福尼亚州）和 Cayman Islands（开曼群岛）。请愿人支付请愿人财产是依据《期权备忘录》（Option Memorandum）进行的。《期权备忘录》明确指出 Archiwoods 随后将代表请愿人与 Hamilton Opportunity Fund（汉密尔顿机会基金）签订某项协议。基于知情与确信，Archiwoods 与 Hamilton Opportunity Fund 之间的任何协议均受开曼群岛法律管辖。在请愿人存入请愿人财产时，2770 账户是 California 某家银行的账户。自 2770 账户被扣押以来（依据 New York 州法院签发的搜查与扣押令），这些资金目前由 New York 的政府占有，且该 California 银行已不复存在。New York 是本案的法院地州。基于这些事实，New York 与本诉讼具有最大利益，其法律应当适用于推定信托的设立。然而，如果政府对该法律选择决定提出异议，请愿人保留要求本法院根据 California、Australia 和/或 Cayman Islands 法律在请愿人财产上设立推定信托的所有权利。\n\n47. New York Court of Appeals（纽约州上诉法院）概述了在确定某些情况下是否应设立推定信托时应考虑的若干因素，包括“(1) 保密或信义关系，(2) 承诺，(3) 基于对该承诺的信赖而进行的财产转让，以及 (4) 不当得利。”Sharp v. Kosmalski 案，40 N.Y.2d 119, 121 (1976)。然而，New York 各法院长期以来一直认为“这些因素仅仅是有益的指引，并非绝对标准。”Counihan 案，194 F.3d at 362（引用了陈述该命题的大量 New York 州判例）。\n\n48. 在本案中，自 Archiwoods 将请愿人财产存入 2770 账户之日起，该财产上即存在以请愿人为受益人的推定信托。\n\n49. 请愿人通过作为其代理人和/或中介的 Archiwoods，在请愿人向 Archiwoods 投资时，与 Archiwoods 和/或 Hamilton Opportunity Fund 建立了保密和/或信义关系[4]；Archiwoods 随后代表请愿人签署了一项协议，以便使用请愿人财产收购 Hamilton M&A Fund SP（汉密尔顿并购基金SP）中的某些 B 类股份。根据《期权备忘录》，Archiwoods 向请愿人承诺，请愿人财产将根据《投资策略》（Investment Strategy）投资于 Digital Bank（数字银行）。证据 A（Exhibit A）第 4 页。基于对该承诺的信赖，请愿人将请愿人财产电汇至 Archiwoods，随后基于知情与确信，Archiwoods 将其电汇至 2770 账户。政府对 2770 账户的不当扣押，导致 Archiwoods 违反了关于根据《投资策略》将请愿人财产投资于 Digital Bank 的承诺。由于政府的扣押，请愿人甚至无法在适当的时候行使其赎回权以重新获得请愿人财产。这将导致政府获得不当得利，因为政府目前在没有任何合法理由的情况下扣留请愿人财产。参见例如 U.S. v. Coluccio 案，51 F.3d 337, 340 (2d Cir. 1995)（认定设立推定信托是恰当的，除其他原因外，政府的没收导致了对默示承诺的违反）；Torres v. $36,256.80 U.S. Currency 案，25 F.3d 1154, 1159 (2d Cir. 1994)（认定推定信托是恰当的，其中“政府的没收迫使该承诺被违反，这可能导致政府潜在的不当得利（以及[原告]相应的不当受损）。”）\n\n4 即使法院认定 Archiwoods 和/或 Hamilton Opportunity Fund 与请愿人之间的关系不属于保密关系和/或不存在信义关系，该认定亦不具有决定性，因为缺乏信义关系并不妨碍法院认定存在推定信托。参见 Koreag 案，961 F.2d at 353（指出“然而，我们不认为[各方]之间缺乏信义关系会自动击溃设立推定信托的主张。虽然信义关系是 New York 各法院引用的因素之一，但在衡平法另有要求时，任何单一因素的缺失本身并不会阻碍推定信托的设立”）。\n\n50. 据此，请愿人已证明应当在请愿人财产上设立推定信托。就类似于 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A) 的没收成文法而言，该等推定信托“构成对财产的‘合法权利、所有权或权益’，且‘可能属于优于’被告权益的权益。”Willis 案，652 F.3d at 242。\n\n51. 寻求设立推定信托的财产——即请愿人财产（Petitioner's Property）——极易追溯。参见证据附件 D（Exhibit D）。\n\n52. 此外，即使政府主张他人应从任何被没收财产中获得赔偿，请愿人也完全可以适用推定信托。「当一方能够直接追溯其资产，而无需诉诸拟制或推定手段时，推定信托即使在涉及多个欺诈受害人的案件中亦可适用。」U.S. v. Ovid, 2012 WL 2087084, *7 (E.D.N.Y.（纽约东区）, Jun. 8, 2012)。「当索赔人能够直接追溯其财产时，法院无权忽视推定信托法，即便这会使一名无辜受害人的处境优于另一名同样无辜的受害人。」同前引。处理「多重欺诈案件的正统方法」是「将可识别的资产返还给其所有权人，只有在无法进行特定识别或交易追溯时，才采用按比例分配。」同前引第 *8 页（援引《返还及不当得利重述（第三次）》（Restatement (Third) of Restitution & Unjust Enrichment）§ 59 报告人注记 G，第 437 页）。\n\nC. 请愿人对请愿人财产享有优先权益\n\n53. 请愿人对请愿人财产享有的权益，绝对优先于政府或被告 Wang 对请愿人财产可能享有的任何权益。\n\n54. 21 U.S.C. § 853(n) 明确规定，除请愿人对被没收财产享有权益外，请愿人还必须以优势证据证明，请愿人的权益「导致没收令全部或部分无效，因为在该条项下导致财产被没收的行为发生之时，该权利、所有权或权益系归属于请愿人而非被告，或优先于被告的任何权利、所有权或权益。」21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A)（强调为原文所加）。\n\n55. 在本案中，如上文所述，被告 Wang 从未对请愿人财产或 2770 账户（Account 2770）享有任何权益；事实上，案卷记录对于被告 Wang、欺诈计划（Fraud Scheme）与 2770 账户之间存在何种关系完全未予提及。\n\n56. 显而易见的是，政府和被告 Wang 都不能主张其对从未享有过权益的财产拥有优先权益。同样，被告 Wang 也不可能没收其毫无权益的财产中的权益。\n\nD. 请愿人有权获得诉讼费用和律师费\n\n57. 请愿人因被迫聘请法律顾问并产生了提起本请愿书以主张请愿人对请愿人财产的权利并质疑对请愿人财产的没收所产生的费用。在本次程序中胜诉后，请愿人保留追索因本请愿书而产生的所有律师费和费用的全部权利，并可依据《司法平等准入法》（Equal Access to Justice Act，简称「EAJA」）28 U.S.C. § 2412 追索请愿人的费用和合理律师费。联邦法院一贯认定，为了允许胜诉的索赔人依据 EAJA 收取律师费，§ 853(n) 程序属于民事性质。参见 United States v. Cox, 575 F.3d 352, 355 (4th Cir.（第四巡回法院） 2009)；United States v. Douglas, 55 F.3d 584, 588 (11th Cir.（第十一巡回法院） 1995)；U.S. v. Bailey, 2015 WL 1893610 at *20 (W.D.N.C.（北卡罗来纳西区） Apr. 27, 2015)。\n\nIV. 结论\n\n58. 基于上述理由，请愿人对请愿人财产享有权益，该权益导致针对该财产的没收令无效。参见如 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(6)(A)。被告 Wang 对请愿人财产不享有任何权利、所有权或权益，且从未享有过。请愿人已经证明、并可在任何必要的听证会上以优势证据证明，该没收令需要进行修改以排除请愿人财产。\n\n59. 因此，请愿人谨请求本法院：(1) 批准本请愿书；(2) 修改没收令以排除请愿人财产；(3) 命令立即将请愿人财产返还给请愿人；(4) 裁定请愿人有权追索因本请愿书而产生的请愿人律师费和费用，并准予请愿人提交关于该等律师费和费用的申请；以及 (5) 准予必要且公正的其他救济。\n\n日期：2025年4月3日\n\n日期：2025年4月3日 谨此提交，\n\n/s/ Jeffrey S. Gavenman\nJeffrey S. Gavenman，律师\nJeremy W. Schulman，律师\nSCHULMAN BHATTACHARYA, LLC\n6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 425\nNorth Bethesda, MD 20852\n(240) 356-8550\njgavenman@schulmanbh.com\njschulman@schulmanbh.com\n\n/s/ Paul W. Butler\nPaul W. Butler，律师\nBUTLER LEGAL STRATEGIES\n1201 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 531\nWashington, D.C. 20036\npaul@butlerlegalstrategies.com\n请愿人代理律师\n\n依据 21 U.S.C. § 853(n)(3)，我谨在接受伪证罪处罚的前提下证明并声明，我对该财产的主张并非无理取闹，且据我所知所信，为支持该主张所提供的信息均真实、准确。\n\n签署于 2025年4月4日\n\n[签名图像：_page_20_Picture_6.jpeg]","key_entities":["forfeiture","Guo","Je","853(n)","Saraca","GTV","Gavenman","Miles Guo","Himalaya","William Je","Torres","Himalaya Exchange"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":2,"court":"SDNY"},{"doc_number":325,"court":"SDNY"},{"doc_number":329,"court":"SDNY"},{"doc_number":395,"court":"SDNY"},{"doc_number":488,"court":"SDNY"}],"word_count":6233,"status":"published","published_at":"2025-04-05 00:00:00","created_at":"2025-04-05","updated_at":"2026-08-23 08:01:06"}