{"id":"q569282fcad1bb72238ec","batch_id":"batch-000139","seq":387,"speaker":"spr***","date":"2026-07-25T17:20:18.674Z","text":"你提到的是一个在美国刑事法中很重要的区别：\n\n\"actually knew（实际知道）\" 和 \"should have known（应当知道）\"。\n\n这两者在不同法律问题上的意义并不一样。\n\n如果讨论的是 Brady 或 Napue，情况分别如下。\n\n1. Brady：并不一定局限于检察官本人\"亲眼知道\"\n\nBrady 义务通常不仅限于检察官脑子里实际知道什么。\n\n美国法院经常说，检方的披露义务可以延伸到**\"prosecution team（检控团队）\"**掌握的信息，例如参与调查的 FBI 等联邦执法机构掌握的重要有利证据。也就是说，检方不能因为\"我本人没看那份材料\"就完全免除义务。\n\n但是，另一方面，法院一般也不会要求检察官去搜集全世界所有可能存在的证据。因此，关键往往变成：\n\nFBI 是否已经掌握了这些投诉？\n调查人员是否已经取得了这些账本或银行记录？\n这些信息是否属于检控团队控制范围？\n\n如果答案是肯定的，那么问题就不仅仅是\"检察官个人知不知道\"。","edited":false,"reply_to":null,"reply_status":"none","has_attachment":false,"url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q569282fcad1bb72238ec","reply_url":null,"reply_label":"","batch_url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/batches/batch-000139","batch_canonical_url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/batches/batch-000139","notice":"围绕郭文贵案的社区讨论与观点交锋。发言仅代表讨论者观点，不等同于法院认定。","content_type":"discussion_message","canonical_url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q569282fcad1bb72238ec","markdown_url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q569282fcad1bb72238ec/markdown","json_url":"https://mubeitech.com/api/discussion-messages/q569282fcad1bb72238ec","surrounding_messages":[{"id":"q1abe9f789e8bc81136e5","speaker":"spr***","date":"2026-07-25T16:32:00.446Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q1abe9f789e8bc81136e5"},{"id":"q5c824a9bbc99b9d383ed","speaker":"spr***","date":"2026-07-25T16:32:52.089Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q5c824a9bbc99b9d383ed"},{"id":"qcea5eb258b6dec37dc22","speaker":"may***","date":"2026-07-25T16:42:15.112Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/qcea5eb258b6dec37dc22"},{"id":"q72eba7354772ac8ab355","speaker":"kir***","date":"2026-07-25T17:21:07.966Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q72eba7354772ac8ab355"},{"id":"q781563ea756768fecb66","speaker":"spr***","date":"2026-07-25T17:50:04.923Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q781563ea756768fecb66"},{"id":"q1a6a01e2fba6eed68768","speaker":"kir***","date":"2026-07-25T18:28:40.740Z","url":"https://mubeitech.com/discussions/messages/q1a6a01e2fba6eed68768"}],"parent_message":null}